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Flaky tests are defined as tests that manifest non-deterministic behaviour by passing and failing intermittently for the same version of the code. These tests cripple continuous integration with false alerts that waste developers' time and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Sarra Habchi , Guillaume Haben , Jeongju Sohn , Adriano Franci , Mike Papadakis , Maxime Cordy , Yves Le Traon

Recently, Large Language Model (LLM)-based Fault Localization (FL) techniques have been proposed, and showed improved performance with explanations on FL results. However, a major issue with LLM-based FL techniques is their heavy reliance…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Jindae Kim , Jaewoo Song

Fault localization has been determined as a major resource factor in the software development life cycle. Academic fault localization techniques are mostly unknown and unused in professional environments. Although manual debugging…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-04 Thomas Hirsch

To fix a software bug, you must first find it. As software grows in size and complexity, finding bugs is becoming harder. To solve this problem, measures have been developed to rank lines of code according to their "suspiciousness" wrt…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-10-02 David Landsberg , Earl Barr

Identifying the point of error is imperative in software debugging. Traditional fault localization (FL) techniques rely on executing the program and using the code coverage matrix in tandem with test case results to calculate a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Suhwan Ji , Sanghwa Lee , Changsup Lee , Hyeonseung Im , Yo-Sub Han

The problem of software fault localization may be viewed as an approach for finding hidden faults or bugs in the existing program codes which are syntactically correct and give fault free output for some input instances but fail for all…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-05-09 Vangipuram Radhakrishna

Abrupt and unexpected terminations of software are termed as software crashes. They can be challenging to analyze. Finding the root cause requires extensive manual effort and expertise to connect information sources like stack traces,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Neetha Jambigi , Bartosz Bogacz , Moritz Mueller , Thomas Bach , Michael Felderer

Debugging is considered as a rigorous but important feature of software engineering process. Since more than a decade, the software engineering research community is exploring different techniques for removal of faults from programs but it…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-03-13 Safeeullah Soomro , Mohammad Riyaz Belgaum , Zainab Alansari , Mahdi H. Miraz

Automated Program Repair (APR) techniques typically exploit spectrum-based fault localization (SBFL) to identify the program locations that should be patched, making the effectiveness of APR techniques dependent on the effectiveness of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Davide Ginelli , Oliviero Riganelli , Daniela Micucci , Leonardo Mariani

Software failures remain a major challenge in modern software development, and identifying the code elements responsible for failures is a time-consuming debugging task. While extensive research has focused on fault localization in the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Golnaz Gharachorlu , Mahsa Panahandeh , Lionel C. Briand , Ruifeng Gao , Ruiyuan Wan

Software fault prediction (SFP) is a critical task in software engineering, enabling early identification of faults in modules to improve software quality and reduce maintenance costs. This research investigates the combined effects of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Ahmad Nauman Ghazi , Nagajyothi Devarapalli , Ashir Javeed , Sadi Alawadi , Fahed Alkhabbas , Khalid AlKharabsheh

Traditional spectrum-based fault localization (SBFL) exploits differences in a program's coverage spectrum when run on passing and failing test cases. However, such runs can provide a wealth of additional information beyond mere coverage.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Julian Aron Prenner , Romain Robbes

The growing penetration of renewable and distributed generation is transforming power systems and challenging conventional protection schemes that rely on fixed settings and local measurements. Machine learning (ML) offers a data-driven…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Julian Oelhaf , Mehran Pashaei , Georg Kordowich , Christian Bergler , Andreas Maier , Johann Jäger , Siming Bayer

Fault localization (FL) analyzes the execution information of a test suite to pinpoint the root cause of a failure. The class imbalance of a test suite, i.e., the imbalanced class proportion between passing test cases (i.e., majority class)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Yan Lei , Tiantian Wen , Huan Xie , Lingfeng Fu , Chunyan Liu , Lei Xu , Hongxia Sun

Ensuring code correctness remains a challenging problem even as large language models (LLMs) become increasingly capable at code-related tasks. While LLM-based program repair systems can propose bug fixes using only a user's bug report,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Adam Stein , Arthur Wayne , Aaditya Naik , Mayur Naik , Eric Wong

Fault Localization (FL) is a key component of Large Language Model (LLM)-based Automated Program Repair (APR), yet its impact remains underexplored. In particular, it is unclear how much localization is needed, whether additional context…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Melika Sepidband , Hung Viet Pham , Hadi Hemmati

In Spectrum-Based Fault Localization (SBFL), a suspiciousness score is assigned to each code element based on test coverage and test outcomes. The scores are then used to rank the code elements relative to each other in order to aid the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-08-26 Qusay Idrees Sarhan , Bela Vancsics , Arpad Beszedes

Fault localization is a critical step in software maintenance. Yet, many existing techniques, such as Spectrum-Based Fault Localization (SBFL), rely heavily on the availability of fault-triggering tests to be effective. In practice,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Md Nakhla Rafi , Lorena Barreto Simedo Pacheco , An Ran Chen , Jinqiu Yang , Tse-Hsun , Chen

Understanding software faults is essential for empirical research in software development and maintenance. However, traditional fault analysis, while valuable, typically involves multiple expert-driven steps such as collecting potential…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Jiongchi Yu , Weipeng Jiang , Xiaoyu Zhang , Qiang Hu , Xiaofei Xie , Chao Shen

Information Retrieval-based Fault Localization (IRFL) techniques aim to identify source files containing the root causes of reported failures. While existing techniques excel in ranking source files, challenges persist in bug report…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Shuai Shao , Tingting Yu