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In recent years, a standard computational pathology workflow has emerged where whole slide images are cropped into tiles, these tiles are processed using a foundation model, and task-specific models are built using the resulting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Eric Zimmermann , Julian Viret , Michal Zelechowski , James Brian Hall , Neil Tenenholtz , Adam Casson , George Shaikovski , Eugene Vorontsov , Siqi Liu , Kristen A Severson

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) and transformers are increasingly popular in histopathology Whole Slide Image (WSI) classification. However, unlike human pathologists who selectively observe specific regions of histopathology tissues under…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Conghao Xiong , Hao Chen , Joseph J. Y. Sung , Irwin King

Objective: We develop a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system using deep learning approaches for lesion detection and classification on whole-slide images (WSIs) with breast cancer. The deep features being distinguishing in classification…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-29 Wei-Wen Hsu , Yongfang Wu , Chang Hao , Yu-Ling Hou , Xiang Gao , Yun Shao , Xueli Zhang , Tao He , Yanhong Tai

With the development of digital imaging in medical microscopy, artificial intelligent-based analysis of pathological whole slide images (WSIs) provides a powerful tool for cancer diagnosis. Limited by the expensive cost of pixel-level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Jiawen Li , Qiehe Sun , Renao Yan , Yizhi Wang , Yuqiu Fu , Yani Wei , Tian Guan , Huijuan Shi , Yonghonghe He , Anjia Han

Whole Slide Image (WSI) representation is critical for cancer subtyping, cancer recognition and mutation prediction.Training an end-to-end WSI representation model poses significant challenges, as a standard gigapixel slide can contain tens…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Jing Jin , Xu Liu , Te Gao , Zhihong Shi , Yixiong Liang , Ruiqing Zheng , Hulin Kuang , Min Zeng , Shichao Kan

Lifelong learning on Whole Slide Images (WSIs) aims to train or fine-tune a unified model sequentially on cancer-related tasks, reducing the resources and effort required for data transfer and processing, especially given the gigabyte-scale…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Doanh C. Bui , Ba Hung Ngo , Hoai Luan Pham , Khang Nguyen , Maï K. Nguyen , Yasuhiko Nakashima

Whole Slide Image (WSI) classification is often formulated as a Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) problem. Recently, Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in WSI classification. However, existing methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Hao Li , Ying Chen , Yifei Chen , Wenxian Yang , Bowen Ding , Yuchen Han , Liansheng Wang , Rongshan Yu

Poor performance of quantitative analysis in histopathological Whole Slide Images (WSI) has been a significant obstacle in clinical practice. Annotating large-scale WSIs manually is a demanding and time-consuming task, unlikely to yield the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Sarah Cechnicka , James Ball , Hadrien Reynaud , Callum Arthurs , Candice Roufosse , Bernhard Kainz

Digital whole slide images (WSIs) are generally captured at microscopic resolution and encompass extensive spatial data. Directly feeding these images to deep learning models is computationally intractable due to memory constraints, while…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-22 Manahil Raza , Ruqayya Awan , Raja Muhammad Saad Bashir , Talha Qaiser , Nasir M. Rajpoot

Multiple instance learning (MIL) has been extensively applied to whole slide histopathology image (WSI) analysis. The existing aggregation strategy in MIL, which primarily relies on the first-order distance (e.g., mean difference) between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Yihang Chen , Tsai Hor Chan , Guosheng Yin , Yuming Jiang , Lequan Yu

Whole Slide Image (WSI) analysis, with its ability to reveal detailed tissue structures in magnified views, plays a crucial role in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Due to their giga-sized nature, WSIs require substantial storage and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Doanh Cao Bui , Jin Tae Kwak

Multiple instance learning (MIL) has been widely used for representing whole-slide pathology images. However, spatial, semantic, and decision entanglements among instances limit its representation and interpretability. To address these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Chentao Li , Behzad Bozorgtabar , Yifang Ping , Pan Huang , Jing Qin

Whole-slide images (WSIs) are fundamental for computational pathology, where accurate lesion segmentation is critical for clinical decision making. Existing methods partition WSIs into discrete patches, disrupting spatial continuity and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Yunheng Wu , Wenqi Huang , Liangyi Wang , Masahiro Oda , Yuichiro Hayashi , Daniel Rueckert , Kensaku Mori

Multiple instance learning (MIL) has been increasingly used in the classification of histopathology whole slide images (WSIs). However, MIL approaches for this specific classification problem still face unique challenges, particularly those…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-24 Hongrun Zhang , Yanda Meng , Yitian Zhao , Yihong Qiao , Xiaoyun Yang , Sarah E. Coupland , Yalin Zheng

Computer-aided Whole Slide Image (WSI) classification has the potential to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of clinical pathological diagnosis. It is commonly formulated as a Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) problem, where each WSI is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Linhao Qu , Shiman Li , Xiaoyuan Luo , Shaolei Liu , Qinhao Guo , Manning Wang , Zhijian Song

Histopathology Whole-Slide Images (WSIs) provide an important tool to assess cancer prognosis in computational pathology (CPATH). While existing survival analysis (SA) approaches have made exciting progress, they are generally limited to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Pei Liu , Luping Ji , Jiaxiang Gou , Bo Fu , Mao Ye

Survival prediction using whole slide images (WSIs) can be formulated as a multiple instance learning (MIL) problem. However, existing MIL methods often fail to explicitly capture pathological heterogeneity within WSIs, both globally --…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Qin Ren , Yifan Wang , Ruogu Fang , Haibin Ling , Chenyu You

We propose a Deep learning-based weak label learning method for analyzing whole slide images (WSIs) of Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained tumor tissue not requiring pixel-level or tile-level annotations using Self-supervised pre-training…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-29 Yoni Schirris , Efstratios Gavves , Iris Nederlof , Hugo Mark Horlings , Jonas Teuwen

Pathology computing has dramatically improved pathologists' workflow and diagnostic decision-making processes. Although computer-aided diagnostic systems have shown considerable value in whole slide image (WSI) analysis, the problem of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Yonghuang Wu , Xuan Xie , Xinyuan Niu , Chengqian Zhao , Jinhua Yu

Whole Slide Image (WSI) classification has very significant applications in clinical pathology, e.g., tumor identification and cancer diagnosis. Currently, most research attention is focused on Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) using static…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Jiaxiang Gou , Luping Ji , Pei Liu , Mao Ye