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Automated driving (AD) has substantially improved vehicle safety and driving comfort, but their impact on passenger well-being, particularly infant sleep, is not sufficiently studied. Sudden acceleration, abrupt braking, and sharp maneuvers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Ruitao Chen , Mozhang Guo , Jinge Li

Simulation systems have become an essential component in the development and validation of autonomous driving technologies. The prevailing state-of-the-art approach for simulation is to use game engines or high-fidelity computer graphics…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Wei Li , Chengwei Pan , Rong Zhang , Jiaping Ren , Yuexin Ma , Jin Fang , Feilong Yan , Qichuan Geng , Xinyu Huang , Huajun Gong , Weiwei Xu , Guoping Wang , Dinesh Manocha , Ruigang Yang

In safety-critical domains like automated driving (AD), errors by the object detector may endanger pedestrians and other vulnerable road users (VRU). As common evaluation metrics are not an adequate safety indicator, recent works employ…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Maria Lyssenko , Piyush Pimplikar , Maarten Bieshaar , Farzad Nozarian , Rudolph Triebel

In autonomous driving, vision-centric 3D object detection recognizes and localizes 3D objects from RGB images. However, due to high annotation costs and diverse outdoor scenes, training data often fails to cover all possible test scenarios,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Hongbin Lin , Yiming Yang , Chaoda Zheng , Yifan Zhang , Shuaicheng Niu , Zilu Guo , Yafeng Li , Gui Gui , Shuguang Cui , Zhen Li

The safety of autonomous driving systems (ADS) depends on accurate perception across distance and driving conditions. The outputs of AI perception algorithms are stochastic, which have a major impact on decision making and safety outcomes,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Boyu Jiang , Liang Shi , Zhengzhi Lin , Lanxin Xiang , Loren Stowe , Feng Guo

Recent advancements in world models have revolutionized dynamic environment simulation, allowing systems to foresee future states and assess potential actions. In autonomous driving, these capabilities help vehicles anticipate the behavior…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Anthony Chen , Wenzhao Zheng , Yida Wang , Xueyang Zhang , Kun Zhan , Peng Jia , Kurt Keutzer , Shanghang Zhang

The deployment of autonomous vehicles controlled by machine learning techniques requires extensive testing in diverse real-world environments, robust handling of edge cases and out-of-distribution scenarios, and comprehensive safety…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Erfan Aasi , Phat Nguyen , Shiva Sreeram , Guy Rosman , Sertac Karaman , Daniela Rus

In this paper, we review the state of the art in Out-of-Distribution (OoD) segmentation, with a focus on road obstacle detection in automated driving as a real-world application. We analyse the performance of existing methods on two widely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Youssef Shoeb , Azarm Nowzad , Hanno Gottschalk

Currently the area of VANET lacks in having some better designed algorithms to handle dynamic change and frequent disruption due to the high mobility of the vehicles. There are many techniques to disseminate messages across the moving…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2012-11-13 Muhammad Ziad Nayyer

3D Object Detectors (3D-OD) are crucial for understanding the environment in many robotic tasks, especially autonomous driving. Including 3D information via Lidar sensors improves accuracy greatly. However, such detectors perform poorly on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-28 George Eskandar , Chongzhe Zhang , Abhishek Kaushik , Karim Guirguis , Mohamed Sayed , Bin Yang

As automation in the field of automated driving (AD) progresses, ensuring the safety and functionality of AD functions (ADFs) becomes crucial. Virtual scenario-based testing has emerged as a prevalent method for evaluating these systems,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Daniel Becker , Sanath Konthala , Lutz Eckstein

Background/Context. The use of automated driving systems (ADSs) in the real world requires rigorous testing to ensure safety. To increase trust, ADSs should be tested on a large set of diverse road scenarios. Literature suggests that if a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Stefan Klikovits , Vincenzo Riccio , Ezequiel Castellano , Ahmet Cetinkaya , Alessio Gambi , Paolo Arcaini

There is a growing academic interest as well as commercial exploitation of millimetre-wave scanning radar for autonomous vehicle localisation and scene understanding. Although several datasets to support this research area have been…

Vehicle mobility optimization in urban areas is a long-standing problem in smart city and spatial data analysis. Given the complex urban scenario and unpredictable social events, our work focuses on developing a mobile sequential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-18 Pengzhan Guo , Keli Xiao , Zeyang Ye , Wei Zhu

Generating safe motion plans in real-time is a key requirement for deploying robot manipulators to assist humans in collaborative settings. In particular, robots must satisfy strict safety requirements to avoid self-damage or harming nearby…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Jonathan Michaux , Qingyi Chen , Yongseok Kwon , Ram Vasudevan

Implementing an autonomous vehicle that is able to output feasible, smooth and efficient trajectories is a long-standing challenge. Several approaches have been considered, roughly falling under two categories: rule-based and learning-based…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Branka Mirchevska , Moritz Werling , Joschka Boedecker

Achieving zero-collision mobility remains a key objective for intelligent vehicle systems, which requires understanding driver risk perception-a complex cognitive process shaped by voluntary response of the driver to external stimuli and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Nakul Agarwal , Yi-Ting Chen , Behzad Dariush

This paper presents a methodology to process large-scale naturalistic driving studies (NDS) to describe the driving behavior for five vehicle metrics, including speed, speeding, lane keeping, following distance, and headway, contextualized…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Gregory Beale , Gibran Ali

Due to the high performance and safety requirements of self-driving applications, the complexity of modern autonomous driving systems (ADS) has been growing, instigating the need for more sophisticated hardware which could add to the energy…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Luke Chen , Mohanad Odema , Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque

Comparing datasets is a fundamental task in machine learning, essential for various learning paradigms-from evaluating train and test datasets for model generalization to using dataset similarity for detecting data drift. While traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Paula Rodriguez-Diaz , Lingkai Kong , Kai Wang , David Alvarez-Melis , Milind Tambe