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State Space Models (SSMs) have emerged as an appealing alternative to Transformers for large language models, achieving state-of-the-art accuracy with constant memory complexity which allows for holding longer context lengths than…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Hung-Yueh Chiang , Chi-Chih Chang , Natalia Frumkin , Kai-Chiang Wu , Diana Marculescu

In the quest for next-generation sequence modeling architectures, State Space Models (SSMs) have emerged as a potent alternative to transformers, particularly for their computational efficiency and suitability for dynamical systems. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Steven Abreu , Jens E. Pedersen , Kade M. Heckel , Alessandro Pierro

State-Space Models (SSMs) have emerged as efficient alternatives to transformers for sequential data tasks, offering linear or near-linear scalability with sequence length, making them ideal for long-sequence applications in NLP, vision,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Arghadip Das , Arnab Raha , Shamik Kundu , Soumendu Kumar Ghosh , Deepak Mathaikutty , Vijay Raghunathan

We propose Quamba-SE, a soft-edge quantizer for State Space Model (SSM) activation quantization. Unlike existing methods, using standard INT8 operation, Quamba-SE employs three adaptive scales: high-precision for small values, standard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Yizhi Chen , Ahmed Hemani

State-Space Models (SSMs) have attracted considerable attention in Image Restoration (IR) due to their ability to scale linearly sequence length while effectively capturing long-distance dependencies. However, deploying SSMs to edge devices…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Yujie Chen , Haotong Qin , Zhang Zhang , Michelo Magno , Luca Benini , Yawei Li

Structured State Space Models (SSMs) have emerged as a transformative paradigm in sequence modeling, addressing critical limitations of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) and Transformers, namely, vanishing gradients, sequential computation…

Recent advancements in State Space Models (SSMs) have attracted significant interest, particularly in models optimized for parallel training and handling long-range dependencies. Architectures like Mamba have scaled to billions of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Zheng Zhan , Yushu Wu , Zhenglun Kong , Changdi Yang , Yifan Gong , Xuan Shen , Xue Lin , Pu Zhao , Yanzhi Wang

State Space Models (SSMs), as key components of Mamaba, have gained increasing attention for vision models recently, thanks to their efficient long sequence modeling capability. Given the computational cost of deploying SSMs on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Yinglong Li , Xiaoyu Liu , Jiacheng Li , Ruikang Xu , Yinda Chen , Zhiwei Xiong

Selective state-space models (SSMs) like Mamba overcome some of the shortcomings of Transformers, such as quadratic computational complexity with sequence length and large inference-time memory requirements from the key-value cache.…

Structured State Space models (SSM) have recently emerged as a new class of deep learning models, particularly well-suited for processing long sequences. Their constant memory footprint, in contrast to the linearly scaling memory demands of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Sebastian Siegel , Ming-Jay Yang , Younes Bouhadjar , Maxime Fabre , Emre Neftci , John Paul Strachan

Recent advances in sequence modeling have introduced selective SSMs as promising alternatives to Transformer architectures, offering theoretical computational efficiency and sequence processing advantages. A comprehensive understanding of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Abdullah Al Asif , Mobina Kashaniyan , Sixing Yu , Juan Pablo Muñoz , Ali Jannesari

The typical Selective State-Space Model (SSM) used in Mamba addresses several limitations of Transformers, such as the quadratic computational complexity with respect to sequence length and the significant memory requirements during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Shengkun Tang , Liqun Ma , Haonan Li , Mingjie Sun , Zhiqiang Shen

State-space models (SSMs) have recently gained attention in deep learning for their ability to efficiently model long-range dependencies, making them promising candidates for edge-AI applications. In this paper, we analyze the effects of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Leo Zhao , Tristan Torchet , Melika Payvand , Laura Kriener , Filippo Moro

Mamba-based State Space Models (SSM) have emerged as a promising alternative to the ubiquitous transformers. Despite the expressive power of transformers, the quadratic complexity of computing attention is a major impediment to scaling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Trinayan Baruah , Kaustubh Shivdikar , Sara Prescott , David Kaeli

Transformers have become dominant in large-scale deep learning tasks across various domains, including text, 2D and 3D vision. However, the quadratic complexity of their attention mechanism limits their efficiency as the sequence length…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Nursena Köprücü , Destiny Okpekpe , Antonio Orvieto

Transformers have become one of the foundational architectures in point cloud analysis tasks due to their excellent global modeling ability. However, the attention mechanism has quadratic complexity, making the design of a linear complexity…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Dingkang Liang , Xin Zhou , Wei Xu , Xingkui Zhu , Zhikang Zou , Xiaoqing Ye , Xiao Tan , Xiang Bai

Large pre-trained models have achieved outstanding results in sequence modeling. The Transformer block and its attention mechanism have been the main drivers of the success of these models. Recently, alternative architectures, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-29 J. Pablo Muñoz , Jinjie Yuan , Nilesh Jain

State Space Models (SSMs) like Mamba2 are a promising alternative to Transformers, with faster theoretical training and inference times -- especially for long context lengths. Recent work on Matryoshka Representation Learning -- and its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Abhinav Shukla , Sai Vemprala , Aditya Kusupati , Ashish Kapoor

Foundation models, now powering most of the exciting applications in deep learning, are almost universally based on the Transformer architecture and its core attention module. Many subquadratic-time architectures such as linear attention,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Albert Gu , Tri Dao

Long-range time series forecasting remains challenging, as it requires capturing non-stationary and multi-scale temporal dependencies while maintaining noise robustness, efficiency, and stability. Transformer-based architectures such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Stefan-Alexandru Jura , Mihai Udrescu , Alexandru Topirceanu
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