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While emerging 3D medical foundation models are envisioned as versatile tools with offer general-purpose capabilities, their validation remains largely confined to regional and structural imaging, leaving a significant modality discrepancy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yichi Zhang , Feiyang Xiao , Le Xue , Wenbo Zhang , Gang Feng , Chenguang Zheng , Yuan Qi , Yuan Cheng , Zixin Hu

Foundation models such as Segment Anything Model 2 (SAM 2) exhibit strong generalization on natural images and videos but perform poorly on medical data due to differences in appearance statistics, imaging physics, and three-dimensional…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Satrajit Chakrabarty , Sourya Sengupta , Gopal Avinash , Ravi Soni

For medical image analysis, segmentation models trained on one or several domains lack generalization ability to unseen domains due to discrepancies between different data acquisition policies. We argue that the degeneration in segmentation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Ziqi Zhou , Lei Qi , Yinghuan Shi

Foundation models (FMs) are rapidly reshaping medical imaging, shifting the field from narrowly trained, task-specific networks toward large, general-purpose models that can be adapted across modalities, anatomies, and clinical tasks. In…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-19 Chuang Niu , Pengwei Wu , Bruno De Man , Ge Wang

Domain generalization is a technique aimed at enabling models to maintain high accuracy when applied to new environments or datasets (unseen domains) that differ from the datasets used in training. Generally, the accuracy of models trained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Reiji Saito , Kazuhiro Hotta

Domain Generalization (DG) aims to reduce domain shifts between domains to achieve promising performance on the unseen target domain, which has been widely practiced in medical image segmentation. Single-source domain generalization (SDG)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Hanhui Wang , Huaize Ye , Yi Xia , Xueyan Zhang

We present MaskGen, a theoretically grounded and deliberately simple approach for domain generalization in 3D biomedical image segmentation. Modern segmentation models degrade sharply under shifts in modality, disease severity, clinical…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-12 Sebo Diaz , Polina Golland , Elfar Adalsteinsson , Neel Dey

The domain shift between training and testing data presents a significant challenge for training generalizable deep learning models. As a consequence, the performance of models trained with the independent and identically distributed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Aleksandr Matsun , Dana O. Mohamed , Sharon Chokuwa , Muhammad Ridzuan , Mohammad Yaqub

Generalization capability to unseen domains is crucial for machine learning models when deploying to real-world conditions. We investigate the challenging problem of domain generalization, i.e., training a model on multi-domain source data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-31 Qi Dou , Daniel C. Castro , Konstantinos Kamnitsas , Ben Glocker

For medical image segmentation, imagine if a model was only trained using MR images in source domain, how about its performance to directly segment CT images in target domain? This setting, namely generalizable cross-modality segmentation,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Ziqi Zhou , Lei Qi , Xin Yang , Dong Ni , Yinghuan Shi

Medical image segmentation plays a crucial role in clinical workflows, but domain shift often leads to performance degradation when models are applied to unseen clinical domains. This challenge arises due to variations in imaging…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Yingkai Wang , Yaoyao Zhu , Xiuding Cai , Yuhao Xiao , Haotian Wu , Yu Yao

Medical imaging is a cornerstone of modern healthcare, driving advancements in diagnosis, treatment planning, and patient care. Among its various tasks, segmentation remains one of the most challenging problem due to factors such as data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Fares Bougourzi , Abdenour Hadid

We tackle the challenging problem of single-source domain generalization (DG) for medical image segmentation, where we train a network on one domain (e.g., CT) and directly apply it to a different domain (e.g., MR) without adapting the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Franz Thaler , Martin Urschler , Mateusz Kozinski , Matthias AF Gsell , Gernot Plank , Darko Stern

Vision foundation models have achieved remarkable progress across various image analysis tasks. In the image segmentation task, foundation models like the Segment Anything Model (SAM) enable generalizable zero-shot segmentation through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Xingxin He , Yifan Hu , Zhaoye Zhou , Mohamed Jarraya , Fang Liu

Single-source domain generalization (SDG) aims to learn a model from a single source domain that can generalize well on unseen target domains. This is an important task in computer vision, particularly relevant to medical imaging where…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Boqi Chen , Yuanzhi Zhu , Yunke Ao , Sebastiano Caprara , Reto Sutter , Gunnar Rätsch , Ender Konukoglu , Anna Susmelj

Foundation models (FMs) are changing the way medical images are analyzed by learning from large collections of unlabeled data. Instead of relying on manually annotated examples, FMs are pre-trained to learn general-purpose visual features…

Foundation models refer to artificial intelligence (AI) models that are trained on massive amounts of data and demonstrate broad generalizability across various tasks with high accuracy. These models offer versatile, one-for-many or…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-06 Rina Bao , Erfan Darzi , Sheng He , Chuan-Heng Hsiao , Mohammad Arafat Hussain , Jingpeng Li , Atle Bjornerud , Ellen Grant , Yangming Ou

Medical image segmentation is a critical task in computer-aided diagnosis and treatment planning. However, deep learning models often struggle to generalize across datasets due to domain shifts arising from variations in imaging protocols,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Phuoc-Nguyen Bui , Van-Nguyen Pham , Duc-Tai Le , Junghyun Bum , Hyunseung Choo

Domain generalization typically requires data from multiple source domains for model learning. However, such strong assumption may not always hold in practice, especially in medical field where the data sharing is highly concerned and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Quande Liu , Cheng Chen , Qi Dou , Pheng-Ann Heng

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, including cardiac MR, is prone to domain shift due to variations in imaging devices and acquisition protocols. This challenge limits the deployment of trained AI models in real-world scenarios, where…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Xin Ci Wong , Duygu Sarikaya , Kieran Zucker , Marc De Kamps , Nishant Ravikumar