Related papers: Quaternion Spin
A Dirac particle is represented by a unitarily evolving state vector in a Hilbert space which factors as $H_{spin} \otimes H_{position}$. Motivated by the similarity to simple models of decoherence consisting of a two state system coupled…
We will derive both quaternion and octonion algebras as the Clebsch-Gordan algebras based upon the su(2) Lie algebra by considering angular momentum spaces of spin one and three. If we consider both spin 1 and 1/2 states, then the same…
We numerically evaluate the two-loop QCD squared matrix element for in $q\bar{q}\to Z$ and $q\bar{q}\to Z\gamma$ with heavy top and bottom quarks circulating in a triangular fermion loop, by simultaneously subtracting infrared, ultraviolet,…
The dynamics of particles with intrinsic angular momentum (spin) described by the Dirac equation is considered in a homogeneous space with rotation in the presence of a homogeneous vortex gravitational field. The effects of the interaction…
A new formula is obtained in algebraic topology, in terms of Betti numbers, and a new method, called the spinal method, is suggested and developed for generating quadrangulations of closed orientable surfaces. Those surfaces arise as the…
The nonlinearity of the conformal group is an essential factor that ruins the global conformal invariance for interacting material fields. In this paper we attempt to track such nonlinearity from spacetime transformations to spinor…
We discuss interplay of the scalar and vector diquarks which decide the characteristics of the spin polarization as functions of $p_T$ and $x_F$ in the wide kinematical range. We demonstrate a significant effect of quark masses on the…
As an expansion of complex numbers, the quaternions show close relations to numerous physically fundamental concepts. In spite of that, the didactic potential provided by quaternion interrelationships in formulating physical laws are hardly…
We recall some basic aspects of line and line Complex representations, of symplectic symmetry emerging in bilinear point transformations as well as of Lie transfer of lines to spheres. Here, we identify SU(2) spin in terms of (classical)…
After summarizing basic concepts for the exterior algebra we firstly discuss the gauge structure of the bundle over base manifold for deciding the form of the gravitational sector of the total Lagrangian in any dimensions. Then we couple…
Let Gamma\D be an arithmetic quotient of a symmetric space of non-compact type. A spine D_0 is a Gamma-equivariant deformation retraction of D with dimension equal to the virtual cohomological dimension of Gamma. We explicitly construct a…
We introduce the notion of combinatorial gauge symmetry -- a local transformation that includes single spin rotations plus permutations of spins (or swaps of their quantum states) -- that preserve the commutation and anti-commutation…
We present a tomographic scheme, based on spacetime symmetries, for the reconstruction of the internal degrees of freedom of a Dirac spinor. We discuss the circumstances under which the tomographic group can be taken as SU(2), and how this…
We show that the principal part of the Dirac Hamiltonian in 3+1 dimensions emerges in a semi-classical approximation from a construction which encodes the kinematics of quantum gravity. The construction is a spectral triple over a…
Auxiliary field quantum Monte Carlo methods for Hubbard models are generally based on a Hubbard-Stratonovitch transformation where the field couples to the z-component of the spin. This transformation breaks SU(2) spin invariance. The…
I show how the symmetry-breaking of a recently proposed embedding of the standard model of particle physics in $E_8$ can be explained in terms of the representation theory of the binary tetrahedral group. This finite group provides a link…
Let $\Omega$ be a smooth compact oriented 3-dimensional Riemannian manifold with boundary. A quaternion field is a pair $q=\{\alpha,u\}$ of a function $\alpha$ and a vector field $u$ on $\Omega$. A field $q$ is {\it harmonic} if $\alpha, u$…
The Dirac equation is invariant under rotations with a constant frequency and invariable cylindrical radius. 3D transformation for rotating frames is found with help of this invariance. Exact localized solutions of the Dirac equation in the…
This paper presents an experimental study on the application of quaternions in several machine learning algorithms. Quaternion is a mathematical representation of rotation in three-dimensional space, which can be used to represent complex…
We describe a way in which spin of quarks can enter a consistent QCD string theory. We show that the spin factor of the 4d massless, spin 1/2 fermions is related to the self-intersection number of a 2d surfaces immersed in the 4d space. We…