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This paper studies gravitational lensing degeneracies in the wave-optics regime, focusing on lensed gravitational waves (GWs). Considering lensing degeneracies as re-scaling (or transformations) of arrival time delay surface, we can divide…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-11-20 Ashish Kumar Meena

Gravitational wave lensing, particularly microlensing by compact dark matter (DM), offers a unique avenue to probe the nature of dark matter. However, conventional detection methods are often computationally expensive, inefficient, and…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-08 Ao Liu , Tonghua Liu , Dejiang Li , Cuihong Wen , Jieci Wang , Kai Liao , Jiaxing Cui , Huan Zhou

The models currently used in the detection of gravitational waves (GWs) either do not consider a relative motion between the center-of-mass of the source and the observer, or usually only consider its effect on the frequencies of GWs.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-04-28 Alejandro Torres-Orjuela , Xian Chen , Zhoujian Cao , Pau Amaro-Seoane , Peng Peng

We propose a new method to test the cosmic distance duality relation using the strongly lensed gravitational waves. The simultaneous observations of image positions, the relative time delay between different images, the redshift…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-04-23 Hai-Nan Lin , Xin Li

All gravitational-wave signals are inevitably gravitationally lensed by intervening matter as they propagate through the Universe. When a gravitational-wave signal is magnified, it \emph{appears} to have originated from a closer, more…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-01-21 Amanda M. Farah , Jose María Ezquiaga , Maya Fishbach , Daniel E. Holz

This paper reviews gravitational wave sources and their detection. One of the most exciting potential sources of gravitational waves are coalescing binary black hole systems. They can occur on all mass scales and be formed in numerous ways,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-02-19 Hyung Mok Lee , Eric-Olivier Le Bigot , ZhiHui Du , ZhangXi Lin , XiangYu Guo , LinQing Wen , Khun Sang Phukon , Vihan Pandey , Sukanta Bose , Xi-Long Fan , Martin Hendry

Gravitational waves (GWs) offer a new observational window into the universe, providing insights into compact objects and cosmic structures. Gravitational lensing, commonly studied in electromagnetic waves, also affects GWs, introducing…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-25 Xing-Yu Yang , Tan Chen , Rong-Gen Cai

In the standard gravitational lensing scenario, rays from a background source are bent in the direction of a foreground lensing mass distribution. Diverging lens behaviour produces deflections in the opposite sense to gravitational lensing,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-01-31 Xinzhong Er , Adam Rogers

Using Fermat's principle, we analyze the effects of very long wavelength gravitational waves upon the images of a gravitationally lensed quasar. We show that the lens equation in the presence of gravity waves is equivalent to that of a lens…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-09-09 J. Frieman , D. Harari , G. Surpi

Along their path from source to observer, gravitational waves may be gravitationally lensed by massive objects. This results in distortions of the observed signal which can be used to extract new information about fundamental physics,…

Gravitational lensing by a spiral galaxy occurs when the line-of-sight to a background quasar passes within a few kpc from the center of the galactic disk. Since galactic disks are rich in neutral hydrogen, the quasar spectrum will likely…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 Abraham Loeb

We develop a comprehensive quantum estimation framework to quantify how precisely gravitationally induced decoherence can be inferred in optomechanical systems, using single-mode Gaussian probe states. Our approach combines a microscopic…

We investigate the gravitational lens effect caused by a non-spherically distorted compact object. The non-spherical property of the gravitational potential is modeled by a quadrupole moment. Under the assumption that the quadrupole…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-08-03 Amano Saijo , Masumi Kasai

We study strong gravitational lensing by spiral galaxies, modeling them as infinitely thin uniform disks embedded in singular isothermal spheres. We derive general properties of the critical curves and caustics analytically. The…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Yun Wang , Edwin L. Turner

Since the first detection of gravitational waves in 2015, gravitational-wave astronomy has emerged as a rapidly advancing field that holds great potential for studying the cosmos, from probing the properties of black holes to testing the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-05-17 Anna Liu , Isaac C. F. Wong , Samson H. W. Leong , Anupreeta More , Otto A. Hannuksela , Tjonnie G. F. Li

We address two selection effects that operate on samples of gravitationally lensed dusty galaxies identified in millimeter- and submillimeter-wavelength surveys. First, we point out the existence of a "size bias" in such samples: due to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2012-12-13 Yashar D. Hezaveh , Daniel P. Marrone , Gilbert P. Holder

Based on the relationship between proper distance and coordinate distance, the geometrical phenomenon caused by the passing gravitational waves can not be observed locally. The electromagnetic wave equations in the background gravitational…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-11-13 Wenyu Wang , Yang Xu

We compute the effects of a stochastic background of gravitational waves on multiply imaged systems or on weak lensing. There are two possible observable effects, a static relative deflection of images or shear, and an induced time…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-12-30 Rennan Bar-Kana

In quasars which are lensed by galaxies, the point-like images sometimes show sharp and uncorrelated brightness variations (microlensing). These brightness changes are associated with the innermost region of the quasar passing through a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-04-08 Mihai Tomozeiu , Irshad Mohammed , Manuel Rabold , Prasenjit Saha , Joachim Wambsganss

Like light, gravitational waves are gravitationally lensed by intervening massive astrophysical objects, such as galaxies, clusters, black holes, and stars, resulting in a variety of potentially observable gravitational-wave lensing…