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Current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices remain limited in their ability to perform accurate quantum chemistry simulations due to restricted numbers of high-fidelity qubits and short coherence times. To overcome these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-23 Yuhan Zheng , Yibin Guo , Huili Zhang , Jie Liu , Xiongzhi Zeng , Xiaoxia Cai , Zhenyu Li , Jinlong Yang

Quantum Imaginary-Time Evolution (QITE) is a powerful method for preparing ground states on quantum hardware. However, executing QITE has costly measurement budgets for general Hamiltonians. Both fidelity and computational cost are strongly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-12 Julio Del Castillo , Mats Granath , Evert van Nieuwenburg

Variational quantum algorithms have shown promise in numerous fields due to their versatility in solving problems of scientific and commercial interest. However, leading algorithms for Hamiltonian simulation, such as the Variational Quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-27 Arthur G. Rattew , Shaohan Hu , Marco Pistoia , Richard Chen , Steve Wood

Quantum computers are expected to be highly beneficial for chemistry simulations, promising significant improvements in accuracy and speed. The most prominent algorithm for chemistry simulations on NISQ devices is the Variational Quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-27 Marita Oliv , Andrea Matic , Thomas Messerer , Jeanette Miriam Lorenz

A probabilistic imaginary-time evolution (PITE) method was proposed as a nonvariational method to obtain a ground state on a quantum computer. In this formalism, the success probability of obtaining all imaginary-time evolution operators…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-29 Hirofumi Nishi , Taichi Kosugi , Yusuke Nishiya , Yu-ichiro Matsushita

Quantum computers have the potential to deliver speed-ups for solving certain important problems that are intractable for classical counterparts, making them a promising avenue for advancing modern computation. However, many quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Kang-Min Hu , Min Namkung , Hyang-Tag Lim

Variational quantum eigensolvers (VQEs) are among the most promising quantum algorithms for solving electronic structure problems in quantum chemistry, particularly during the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era. In this study, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-07 Abel Carreras , David Casanova , Román Orús

We develop a resource efficient step-merged quantum imaginary time evolution approach (smQITE) to solve for the ground state of a Hamiltonian on quantum computers. This heuristic method features a fixed shallow quantum circuit depth along…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-09-21 Niladri Gomes , Feng Zhang , Noah F. Berthusen , Cai-Zhuang Wang , Kai-Ming Ho , Peter P. Orth , Yongxin Yao

Variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is promising to show quantum advantage on near-term noisy-intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers. One central problem of VQE is the effect of noise, especially the physical noise on realistic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-30 Jinfeng Zeng , Zipeng Wu , Chenfeng Cao , Chao Zhang , Shiyao Hou , Pengxiang Xu , Bei Zeng

The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is a method that uses a hybrid quantum-classical computational approach to find eigenvalues and eigenvalues of a Hamiltonian. VQE has been proposed as an alternative to fully quantum algorithms such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-01 Dmitry A. Fedorov , Bo Peng , Niranjan Govind , Yuri Alexeev

Imaginary time evolution is a powerful tool for studying quantum systems. While it is possible to simulate with a classical computer, the time and memory requirements generally scale exponentially with the system size. Conversely, quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-17 Sam McArdle , Tyson Jones , Suguru Endo , Ying Li , Simon Benjamin , Xiao Yuan

In this work we present a detailed analysis of variational quantum phase estimation (VQPE), a method based on real-time evolution for ground and excited state estimation on near-term hardware. We derive the theoretical ground on which the…

Variational quantum algorithms hold great promise for unlocking the power of near-term quantum processors, yet high measurement costs, barren plateaus, and challenging optimization landscapes frequently hinder them. Here, we introduce…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-10 Mengzhen Ren , Yu-Cheng Chen , Yangsen Ye , Min-Hsiu Hsieh , Alice Hu , Chang-Yu Hsieh

The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is one of the most promising algorithms to find eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a given Hamiltonian on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. A particular application is to obtain ground…

Neural post-processing has been proposed as a lightweight route to enhance variational quantum eigensolvers by learning how to reweight measurement outcomes. In this work, we identify three general desiderata for such data-driven neural…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-20 Minwoo Kim , Kyoung Keun Park , Kyungmin Lee , Jeongho Bang , Taehyun Kim

The realization of quantum advantage with noisy-intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) machines has become one of the major challenges in computational sciences. Maintaining coherence of a physical system with more than ten qubits is a critical…

An adaptive variational quantum imaginary time evolution (AVQITE) approach is introduced that yields efficient representations of ground states for interacting Hamiltonians on near-term quantum computers. It is based on McLachlan's…

Simulating quantum imaginary-time evolution (QITE) is a major promise of quantum computation. However, the known algorithms are either probabilistic (repeat until success) with impractically small success probabilities or coherent (quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-02 Thais de Lima Silva , Márcio M. Taddei , Stefano Carrazza , Leandro Aolita

Using quantum devices supported by classical computational resources is a promising approach to quantum-enabled computation. One example of such a hybrid quantum-classical approach is the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) built to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-12 Jarrod R. McClean , Mollie E. Schwartz , Jonathan Carter , Wibe A. de Jong

The variational quantum eigensolver (or VQE) uses the variational principle to compute the ground state energy of a Hamiltonian, a problem that is central to quantum chemistry and condensed matter physics. Conventional computing methods are…