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The proliferation of unstructured data poses a fundamental challenge to traditional database interfaces. While Text-to-SQL has democratized access to structured data, it remains incapable of interpreting semantic or multi-modal queries.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Zhengren Wang , Dongwen Yao , Bozhou Li , Dongsheng Ma , Bo Li , Zhiyu Li , Feiyu Xiong , Bin Cui , Linpeng Tang , Wentao Zhang

Calibration is crucial as large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed to convert natural language queries into SQL for commercial databases. In this work, we investigate calibration techniques for assigning confidence to…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Ashwin Ramachandran , Sunita Sarawagi

The SQL-to-text generation task traditionally uses template base, Seq2Seq, tree-to-sequence, and graph-to-sequence models. Recent models take advantage of pre-trained generative language models for this task in the Seq2Seq framework.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Meher Bhardwaj , Hrishikesh Ethari , Dennis Singh Moirangthem

Text-to-SQL generation bridges the gap between natural language and databases, enabling users to query data without requiring SQL expertise. While large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced the field, challenges remain in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Ganesh Parab , Zishan Ahmad , Dagnachew Birru

Recent divide-and-conquer reasoning approaches, particularly those based on Chain-of-Thought (CoT), have substantially improved the Text-to-SQL capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, when applied to complex enterprise…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Zhifeng Hao , Qibin Song , Ruichu Cai , Boyan Xu

We present ReFoRCE, a Text-to-SQL agent that tops the Spider 2.0 leaderboard--a challenging benchmark reflecting complex, real-world Text-to-SQL scenarios. While Text-to-SQL systems enable natural language queries over structured databases,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Minghang Deng , Ashwin Ramachandran , Canwen Xu , Lanxiang Hu , Zhewei Yao , Anupam Datta , Hao Zhang

Text-to-SQL has emerged as a prominent research area, particularly with the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs). By enabling users to query databases through natural language rather than SQL, this technology significantly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Yu-Jie Yang , Hung-Fu Chang , Po-An Chen

Transforming natural-language requests into reliable, production-ready data transformations remains challenging: correctness depends on precise schema linking and warehouse-specific SQL dialects, while the strongest supervision available…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Anni Li , Aria Attar , Paul Dong

Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle with complex Text-to-SQL queries that demand both sophisticated mathematical reasoning and intricate schema navigation. Existing methods often tackle these challenges in isolation, creating a fractured…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Xutao Mao , Tao Liu , Hongying Zan

Most recent research on Text-to-SQL semantic parsing relies on either parser itself or simple heuristic based approach to understand natural language query (NLQ). When synthesizing a SQL query, there is no explicit semantic information of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Jun Wang , Patrick Ng , Alexander Hanbo Li , Jiarong Jiang , Zhiguo Wang , Ramesh Nallapati , Bing Xiang , Sudipta Sengupta

Electronic medical records (EMRs) are stored in relational databases. It can be challenging to access the required information if the user is unfamiliar with the database schema or general database fundamentals. Hence, researchers have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Richard Tarbell , Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo , Glenn Dietrich , Anthony Rios

Enterprise analytics aims to make organizational data accessible for decision-making, yet non-technical users still face barriers when using traditional business intelligence tools or Text-to-SQL systems. While recent Text-to-SQL approaches…

Biomedical researchers increasingly rely on large-scale structured databases for complex analytical tasks. However, current text-to-SQL systems often struggle to map qualitative scientific questions into executable SQL, particularly when…

Text-to-SQL is a pivotal task that bridges natural language understanding and structured data access, yet it remains fundamentally challenging due to semantic ambiguity and complex compositional reasoning. While large language models (LLMs)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Jiayuan Bai , Xuan-guang Pan , Chongyang Tao , Shuai Ma

Large language model pretraining is compute-intensive, yet many tokens contribute marginally to learning, resulting in inefficiency. We introduce Efficient Selective Language Modeling (ESLM), a risk-aware algorithm that improves training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Melis Ilayda Bal , Volkan Cevher , Michael Muehlebach

The generalizability to new databases is of vital importance to Text-to-SQL systems which aim to parse human utterances into SQL statements. Existing works achieve this goal by leveraging the exact matching method to identify the lexical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Aiwei Liu , Xuming Hu , Li Lin , Lijie Wen

When complex SQL queries suffer slow executions despite query optimization, DBAs typically invoke automated query rewriting tools to recommend ``lean'' equivalents that are conducive to faster execution. The rewritings are usually achieved…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Sriram Dharwada , Himanshu Devrani , Jayant Haritsa , Harish Doraiswamy

Text-to-SQL, which translates a natural language question into an SQL query, has advanced with in-context learning of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, existing methods show little improvement in performance compared to randomly chosen…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Jihyung Lee , Jin-Seop Lee , Jaehoon Lee , YunSeok Choi , Jee-Hyong Lee

In tackling the challenges of large language model (LLM) performance for Text-to-SQL tasks, we introduce CHASE-SQL, a new framework that employs innovative strategies, using test-time compute in multi-agent modeling to improve candidate…

Recent advances in Text-to-SQL have largely focused on the SQLite dialect, neglecting the diverse landscape of SQL dialects like BigQuery and PostgreSQL. This limitation is due to the diversity in SQL syntaxes and functions, along with the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Mohammadreza Pourreza , Ruoxi Sun , Hailong Li , Lesly Miculicich , Tomas Pfister , Sercan O. Arik