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A serious problem in image classification is that a trained model might perform well for input data that originates from the same distribution as the data available for model training, but performs much worse for out-of-distribution (OOD)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Rajat Koner , Poulami Sinhamahapatra , Karsten Roscher , Stephan Günnemann , Volker Tresp

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection remains challenging in text-rich networks, where textual features intertwine with topological structures. Existing methods primarily address label shifts or rudimentary domain-based splits, overlooking…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Danny Wang , Ruihong Qiu , Guangdong Bai , Zi Huang

In this paper, we propose a novel framework for enhancing visual comprehension in autonomous driving systems by integrating visual language models (VLMs) with additional visual perception module specialised in object detection. We extend…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Linfeng He , Yiming Sun , Sihao Wu , Jiaxu Liu , Xiaowei Huang

Building reliable object detectors that can detect out-of-distribution (OOD) objects is critical yet underexplored. One of the key challenges is that models lack supervision signals from unknown data, producing overconfident predictions on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-09 Xuefeng Du , Xin Wang , Gabriel Gozum , Yixuan Li

We present SLIP (SAM+CLIP), an enhanced architecture for zero-shot object segmentation. SLIP combines the Segment Anything Model (SAM) \cite{kirillov2023segment} with the Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining (CLIP)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Saaketh Koundinya Gundavarapu , Arushi Arora , Shreya Agarwal

Treating texts as images, combining prompts with textual labels for prompt tuning, and leveraging the alignment properties of CLIP have been successfully applied in zero-shot multi-label image recognition. Nonetheless, relying solely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Haonan Xu , Dian Chao , Xiangyu Wu , Zhonghua Wan , Yang Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a crucial tool in Visual Question Answering (VQA) for handling knowledge-intensive questions in few-shot or zero-shot scenarios. However, their reliance on massive training datasets often causes them…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Quanxing Xu , Ling Zhou , Feifei Zhang , Jinyu Tian , Rubing Huang

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) data is crucial for ensuring the safe deployment of machine learning models in real-world applications. However, existing OOD detection approaches primarily rely on the feature maps or the full gradient…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Sima Behpour , Thang Doan , Xin Li , Wenbin He , Liang Gou , Liu Ren

Recent advancements have explored text-to-image diffusion models for synthesizing out-of-distribution (OOD) samples, substantially enhancing the performance of OOD detection. However, existing approaches typically rely on perturbing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Xin Gao , Jiyao Liu , Guanghao Li , Yueming Lyu , Jianxiong Gao , Weichen Yu , Ningsheng Xu , Liang Wang , Caifeng Shan , Ziwei Liu , Chenyang Si

Out-of-distribution (OoD) detection and segmentation have attracted growing attention as concerns about AI security rise. Conventional OoD detection methods identify the existence of OoD objects but lack spatial localization, limiting their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Wenjie Zhao , Jia Li , Yunhui Guo

We propose a generalized method for boosting the generalization ability of pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs) while fine-tuning on downstream few-shot tasks. The idea is realized by exploiting out-of-distribution (OOD) detection to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Kun Ding , Haojian Zhang , Qiang Yu , Ying Wang , Shiming Xiang , Chunhong Pan

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection methods have recently become more prominent, serving as a core element in safety-critical autonomous systems. One major purpose of OOD detection is to reject invalid inputs that could lead to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Hong Yang , Qi Yu , Travis Desell

Prior research on out-of-distribution detection (OoDD) has primarily focused on single-modality models. Recently, with the advent of large-scale pretrained vision-language models such as CLIP, OoDD methods utilizing such multi-modal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Jeonghyeon Kim , Sangheum Hwang

In this paper, we tackle the detection of out-of-distribution (OOD) objects in semantic segmentation. By analyzing the literature, we found that current methods are either accurate or fast but not both which limits their usability in real…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-04 Victor Besnier , Andrei Bursuc , David Picard , Alexandre Briot

Large-scale contrastive vision-language pre-training has shown significant progress in visual representation learning. Unlike traditional visual systems trained by a fixed set of discrete labels, a new paradigm was introduced in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Peng Gao , Shijie Geng , Renrui Zhang , Teli Ma , Rongyao Fang , Yongfeng Zhang , Hongsheng Li , Yu Qiao

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a critical requirement for reliable autonomous driving, where safety depends on recognizing road obstacles and unexpected objects beyond the training distribution. Despite extensive research on OOD…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Zizhao Li , Zhengkang Xiang , Jiayang Ao , Joseph West , Kourosh Khoshelham

Large-scale pre-trained models have demonstrated impressive performance in vision and language tasks within open-world scenarios. Due to the lack of comparable pre-trained models for 3D shapes, recent methods utilize language-image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Dan Song , Xinwei Fu , Ning Liu , Weizhi Nie , Wenhui Li , Lanjun Wang , You Yang , Anan Liu

In many real-world settings, machine learning models need to identify user inputs that are out-of-domain (OOD) so as to avoid performing wrong actions. This work focuses on a challenging case of OOD detection, where no labels for in-domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Di Jin , Shuyang Gao , Seokhwan Kim , Yang Liu , Dilek Hakkani-Tur

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection remains a critical challenge in open-world learning, where models must adapt to evolving data distributions. While recent vision-language models (VLMS) like CLIP enable multimodal OOD detection through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Aditi Naiknaware , Salimeh Sekeh

Pre-trained vision-language models, e.g. CLIP, have been increasingly used to address the challenging Open-Vocabulary Segmentation (OVS) task, benefiting from their well-aligned vision-text embedding space. Typical solutions involve either…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Siyu Jiao , Hongguang Zhu , Jiannan Huang , Yao Zhao , Yunchao Wei , Humphrey Shi