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The current verification flow of complex systems uses different engines synergistically: virtual prototyping, formal verification, simulation, emulation and FPGA prototyping. However, none is able to verify a complete architecture.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-02-12 Tomas Grimm , Djones Lettnin , Michael Hübner

Machine learning is a powerful method for modeling in different fields such as education. Its capability to accurately predict students' success makes it an ideal tool for decision-making tasks related to higher education. The accuracy of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-03 Leila Zahedi , Farid Ghareh Mohammadi , Shabnam Rezapour , Matthew W. Ohland , M. Hadi Amini

Even competent programmers make mistakes. Automatic verification can detect errors, but leaves the frustrating task of finding the erroneous line of code to the user. This paper presents an automatic approach for identifying potential error…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-09-17 Robert Koenighofer , Ronald Toegl , Roderick Bloem

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) replaces costly human labeling with automated verifiers. To reduce verifier hacking, many RLVR systems binarize rewards to $\{0,1\}$, but imperfect verifiers inevitably introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Xin-Qiang Cai , Wei Wang , Feng Liu , Tongliang Liu , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama

Metaheuristic algorithms are essential for solving complex optimization problems in different fields. However, the difficulty in comparing and rating these algorithms remains due to the wide range of performance metrics and problem…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Evgenia-Maria K. Goula , Dimitris G. Sotiropoulos

Trustworthy classifiers are essential to the adoption of machine learning predictions in many real-world settings. The predicted probability of possible outcomes can inform high-stakes decision making, particularly when assessing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Kiri L. Wagstaff , Thomas G. Dietterich

Feature selection is a combinatorial optimization problem that is NP-hard. Conventional approaches often employ heuristic or greedy strategies, which are prone to premature convergence and may fail to capture subtle yet informative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Yusi Fan , Tian Wang , Zhiying Yan , Chang Liu , Qiong Zhou , Qi Lu , Zhehao Guo , Ziqi Deng , Wenyu Zhu , Ruochi Zhang , Fengfeng Zhou

Considering the high volume, wide variety, and rapid speed of data generation, investigating feature selection methods for big data presents various applications and advantages. By removing irrelevant and redundant features, feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Mohammad Hossein Safarpour , Seyed Majid Alavi , Mohammad Izadikhah , Hossein Dibachi

Efficiency criteria for conformal prediction, such as \emph{observed fuzziness} (i.e., the sum of p-values associated with false labels), are commonly used to \emph{evaluate} the performance of given conformal predictors. Here, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Nicolo Colombo , Vladimir Vovk

Lack of data on which to perform experimentation is a recurring issue in many areas of research, particularly in machine learning. The inability of most automated data mining techniques to be generalized to all types of data is inherently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Gustavo Assunção , Paulo Menezes

Program verification techniques typically focus on finding counter-examples that violate properties of a program. Constraint programming offers a convenient way to verify programs by modeling their state transformations and specifying…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-02 Heytem Zitoun , Claude Michel , Laurent Michel , Michel Rueher

Many software engineering studies or tasks rely on categorizing software engineering artifacts. In practice, this is done either by defining simple but often imprecise heuristics, or by manual labelling of the artifacts. Unfortunately,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Hlib Babii , Julian Aron Prenner , Laurin Stricker , Anjan Karmakar , Andrea Janes , Romain Robbes

Many feature subset selection (FSS) algorithms have been proposed, but not all of them are appropriate for a given feature selection problem. At the same time, so far there is rarely a good way to choose appropriate FSS algorithms for the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-02-05 Guangtao Wang , Qinbao Song , Heli Sun , Xueying Zhang , Baowen Xu , Yuming Zhou

Algorithm selection, a critical process of automated machine learning, aims to identify the most suitable algorithm for solving a specific problem prior to execution. Mainstream algorithm selection techniques heavily rely on problem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Xingyu Wu , Yan Zhong , Jibin Wu , Bingbing Jiang , Kay Chen Tan

Selecting the best code solution from multiple generated ones is an essential task in code generation, which can be achieved by using some reliable validators (e.g., developer-written test cases) for assistance. Since reliable test cases…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Mouxiang Chen , Zhongxin Liu , He Tao , Yusu Hong , David Lo , Xin Xia , Jianling Sun

The lack of comprehensive sources of accurate vulnerability data represents a critical obstacle to studying and understanding software vulnerabilities (and their corrections). In this paper, we present an approach that combines heuristics…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Daan Hommersom , Antonino Sabetta , Bonaventura Coppola , Dario Di Nucci , Damian A. Tamburri

Fuzzy rough feature selection (FRFS) is an effective means of addressing the curse of dimensionality in high-dimensional data. By removing redundant and irrelevant features, FRFS helps mitigate classifier overfitting, enhance generalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Suping Xu , Lin Shang , Keyu Liu , Hengrong Ju , Xibei Yang , Witold Pedrycz

Software fault localization remains challenging due to limited feature diversity and low precision in traditional methods. This paper proposes a novel approach that integrates multi-objective optimization with deep learning models to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Xiaolei Hu , Dongcheng Li , W. Eric Wong , Ya Zou

We propose an automated verification technique for hypersafety properties, which express sets of valid interrelations between multiple finite runs of a program. The key observation is that constructing a proof for a small representative set…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-05-23 Azadeh Farzan , Anthony Vandikas

Metaheuristic algorithms are becoming an important part of modern optimization. A wide range of metaheuristic algorithms have emerged over the last two decades, and many metaheuristics such as particle swarm optimization are becoming…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2012-12-04 Xin-She Yang