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Probabilistic programming is perfectly suited to reliable and transparent data science, as it allows the user to specify their models in a high-level language without worrying about the complexities of how to fit the models. Static analysis…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-08-31 Ryan Bernstein , Matthijs Vákár , Jeannette Wing

Probabilistic programming makes it easy to represent a probabilistic model as a program. Building an individual model, however, is only one step of probabilistic modeling. The broader challenge of probabilistic modeling is in understanding…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-08-15 Ryan Bernstein

Stan is an open-source probabilistic programing language, primarily designed to do Bayesian data analysis. Its main inference algorithm is an adaptive Hamiltonian Monte Carlo sampler, supported by state of the art gradient computation.…

Applications · Statistics 2022-03-29 Charles C. Margossian , Yi Zhang , William R. Gillespie

Stan is a probabilistic programming language that is popular in the statistics community, with a high-level syntax for expressing probabilistic models. Stan differs by nature from generative probabilistic programming languages like Church,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Guillaume Baudart , Javier Burroni , Martin Hirzel , Louis Mandel , Avraham Shinnar

Stan is a probabilistic programming language that has been increasingly used for real-world scalable projects. However, to make practical inference possible, the language sacrifices some of its usability by adopting a block syntax, which…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Maria I. Gorinova , Andrew D. Gordon , Charles Sutton

Probabilistic programming methods have revolutionised Bayesian inference, making it easier than ever for practitioners to perform Markov-chain-Monte-Carlo sampling from non-conjugate posterior distributions. Here we focus on Stan, arguably…

Computation · Statistics 2025-02-10 Clemens Pichler , Jack Jewson , Alejandra Avalos-Pacheco

Probabilistic programming languages represent complex data with intermingled models in a few lines of code. Efficient inference algorithms in probabilistic programming languages make possible to build unified frameworks to compute…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-07-15 Anh Tong , Jaesik Choi

Prompted models have demonstrated impressive few-shot learning abilities. Repeated interactions at test-time with a single model, or the composition of multiple models together, further expands capabilities. These compositions are…

Probabilistic programs provide an expressive representation language for generative models. Given a probabilistic program, we are interested in the task of posterior inference: estimating a latent variable given a set of observed variables.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-01 Mike Wu , Noah Goodman

Formalisms for specifying statistical models, such as probabilistic-programming languages, typically consist of two components: a specification of a stochastic process (the prior), and a specification of observations that restrict the…

Databases · Computer Science 2015-01-06 Vince Barany , Balder ten Cate , Benny Kimelfeld , Dan Olteanu , Zografoula Vagena

Integrating dynamical systems models with time series data is a central part of contemporary mathematical biology. With the rich variety of available models and data, numerous methods and computational tools have been developed for these…

Computation · Statistics 2026-03-24 Sara Hamis , John Forslund , Cici Chen Gu , Jodie A. Cochrane

We present a software framework for statistical data analysis, called HistFitter, that has been used extensively by the ATLAS Collaboration to analyze big datasets originating from proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider at…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2015-06-23 M. Baak , G. J. Besjes , D. Cote , A. Koutsman , J. Lorenz , D. Short

Stan is a very popular probabilistic language with a state-of-the-art HMC sampler but it only offers a limited choice of algorithms for black-box variational inference. In this paper, we show that using our recently proposed compiler from…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Guillaume Baudart , Louis Mandel

This work offers a broad perspective on probabilistic modeling and inference in light of recent advances in probabilistic programming, in which models are formally expressed in Turing-complete programming languages. We consider a typical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-04-20 Lawrence M. Murray , Thomas B. Schön

This tutorial shows how to build, fit, and criticize disease transmission models in Stan, and should be useful to researchers interested in modeling the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and other infectious diseases in a Bayesian framework. Bayesian…

Computation · Statistics 2021-10-01 Léo Grinsztajn , Elizaveta Semenova , Charles C. Margossian , Julien Riou

Probabilistic programming offers a powerful framework for modeling uncertainty, yet statistical model discovery in this domain entails navigating an immense search space under strict domain-specific constraints. When small language models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Madhav Kanda , Shubham Ugare , Sasa Misailovic

Automation is becoming ubiquitous in all laboratory activities, leading towards precisely defined and codified laboratory protocols. However, the integration between laboratory protocols and mathematical models is still lacking. Models…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2021-11-30 Luca Cardelli , Marta Kwiatkowska , Luca Laurenti

Stochastic process discovery is concerned with deriving a model capable of reproducing the stochastic character of observed executions of a given process, stored in a log. This leads to an optimisation problem in which the model's parameter…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Pierre Cry , Paolo Ballarini , András Horváth , Pascale Le Gall

Modern language models define distributions over strings, but downstream tasks often require different output formats. For instance, a model that generates byte-pair strings does not directly produce word-level predictions, and a DNA model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Vésteinn Snæbjarnarson , Samuel Kiegeland , Tianyu Liu , Reda Boumasmoud , Ryan Cotterell , Tim Vieira

The HistFactory p.d.f. template is per-se independent of its implementation in ROOT and it is useful to be able to run statistical analysis outside of the ROOT, RooFit, RooStats framework. pyhf is a pure-Python implementation of that…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2022-11-30 Matthew Feickert , Lukas Heinrich , Giordon Stark
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