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Multi-task learning (MTL) aims to empower a model to tackle multiple tasks simultaneously. A recent development known as task arithmetic has revealed that several models, each fine-tuned for distinct tasks, can be directly merged into a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Enneng Yang , Zhenyi Wang , Li Shen , Shiwei Liu , Guibing Guo , Xingwei Wang , Dacheng Tao

Model merging has recently gained attention as an economical and scalable approach to incorporate task-specific weights from various tasks into a unified multi-task model. For example, in Task Arithmetic (TA), adding the fine-tuned weights…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Feng Xiong , Runxi Cheng , Wang Chen , Zhanqiu Zhang , Yiwen Guo , Chun Yuan , Ruifeng Xu

While deep neural networks have demonstrated remarkable performance across various tasks, they typically require massive training data. Due to the presence of redundancies and biases in real-world datasets, not all data in the training…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Suorong Yang , Hongchao Yang , Suhan Guo , Furao Shen , Jian Zhao

Model merging has emerged as a cost-efficient approximation to multitask learning. Among merging strategies, task arithmetic is notable for its simplicity and effectiveness. In this work, we provide a theoretical motivation for task vectors…

With the rise of language and multimodal models of ever-increasing size, pretraining a general-purpose foundational model and adapting it to downstream tasks has become common practice. To this end, adaptation efficiency can be a critical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Yihe Dong

Merging multiple expert models offers a promising approach for performing multi-task learning without accessing their original data. Existing methods attempt to alleviate task conflicts by sparsifying task vectors or promoting orthogonality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yongxian Wei , Anke Tang , Li Shen , Zixuan Hu , Chun Yuan , Xiaochun Cao

Model merging aims to build a multi-task learner by combining the parameters of individually fine-tuned models without additional training. While a straightforward approach is to average model parameters across tasks, this often results in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Jiho Choi , Donggyun Kim , Chanhyuk Lee , Seunghoon Hong

Although multi-task deep neural network (DNN) models have computation and storage benefits over individual single-task DNN models, they can be further optimized via model compression. Numerous structured pruning methods are already…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-17 Siddhant Garg , Lijun Zhang , Hui Guan

Training large neural networks and merging task-specific models both exploit low-rank structure and require parameter importance estimation, yet these challenges have been pursued in isolation. Current workflows compute curvature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Alireza Moayedikia , Alicia Troncoso

While most current approaches rely on further training techniques, such as fine-tuning or reinforcement learning, to enhance model capacities, model merging stands out for its ability of improving models without requiring any additional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Zehua Liu , Han Wu , Yuxuan Yao , Ruifeng She , Xiongwei Han , Tao Zhong , Mingxuan Yuan

Fine-tuning pre-trained models on targeted datasets enhances task-specific performance but often comes at the expense of generalization. Model merging techniques, which integrate multiple fine-tuned models into a single multi-task model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Zitao Fang , Guodong DU , Shuyang Yu , Yifei Guo , Yiwei Zhang , Yiyao Cao , Jing Li , Ho-Kin Tang , Sim Kuan Goh

Model merging aims to combine multiple fine-tuned models into a single set of weights that performs well across all source tasks. While prior work has shown that merging can approximate the performance of individual fine-tuned models for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Mohammadsajad Alipour , Mohammad Mohammadi Amiri

While fine-tuning is a de facto standard method for training deep neural networks, it still suffers from overfitting when using small target datasets. Previous methods improve fine-tuning performance by maintaining knowledge of the source…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Shin'ya Yamaguchi , Sekitoshi Kanai , Kazuki Adachi , Daiki Chijiwa

Training and fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) come with challenges related to memory and computational requirements due to the increasing size of the model weights and the optimizer states. Various techniques have been developed to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yehonathan Refael , Jonathan Svirsky , Boris Shustin , Wasim Huleihel , Ofir Lindenbaum

Model merging aims to integrate multiple task-specific fine-tuned models derived from a shared pre-trained checkpoint into a single multi-task model without additional training. Despite extensive research, task interference remains a major…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Longhua Li , Lei Qi , Qi Tian , Xin Geng

Model merging aims to integrate task-specific abilities from individually fine-tuned models into a single model without extra training. In recent model merging methods, task vector has become a fundamental building block, as it can…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Bang An , Yibo Yang , Philip Torr , Bernard Ghanem

Multi-task learning (MTL) concurrently trains a model on diverse task datasets to exploit common features, thereby improving overall performance across the tasks. Recent studies have dedicated efforts to merging multiple independent model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Bingjie Zhang , Hongkang Li , Changlong Shi , Guowei Rong , He Zhao , Dongsheng Wang , Dandan Guo , Meng Wang

Model merging combines knowledge from task-specific models into a unified multi-task model to avoid joint training on all task data. However, current methods face challenges due to representation bias, which can interfere with tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Marcin Osial , Daniel Marczak , Bartosz Zieliński

Model merging has emerged as a compelling data-free paradigm for multi-task learning, enabling the fusion of multiple fine-tuned models into a single, powerful entity. A key technique in merging methods is sparsification, which prunes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Yingfeng Luo , Dingyang Lin , Junxin Wang , Ziqiang Xu , Kaiyan Chang , Tong Zheng , Bei Li , Anxiang Ma , Tong Xiao , Zhengtao Yu , Jingbo Zhu

Model merging has shown that multitask models can be created by directly combining the parameters of different models that are each specialized on tasks of interest. However, models trained independently on distinct tasks often exhibit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Pratik Ramesh , George Stoica , Arun Iyer , Leshem Choshen , Judy Hoffman
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