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When using supervised fine-tuning (SFT) to adapt large language models (LLMs) to specific domains, a significant challenge arises: should we use the entire SFT dataset for fine-tuning? Common practice often involves fine-tuning directly on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Xiang Liu , Zhaoxiang Liu , Peng Wang , Kohou Wang , Huan Hu , Kai Wang , Shiguo Lian

Foundation models open up new possibilities for the use of AI in healthcare. However, even when pre-trained on health data, they still need to be fine-tuned for specific downstream tasks. Furthermore, although foundation models reduce the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Adam Tupper , Christian Gagné

Instruction tuning of language models has demonstrated the ability to enhance model generalization to unseen tasks via in-context learning using a few examples. However, typical supervised learning still requires a plethora of downstream…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Himanshu Gupta , Saurabh Arjun Sawant , Swaroop Mishra , Mutsumi Nakamura , Arindam Mitra , Santosh Mashetty , Chitta Baral

In recent years, developing compact and efficient large language models (LLMs) has emerged as a thriving area of research. Traditional Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT), which relies on singular ground truth labels, often fails to capture…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Jingyao Li , Senqiao Yang , Sitong Wu , Han Shi , Chuanyang Zheng , Hong Xu , Jiaya Jia

Self-supervised representation learning solves auxiliary prediction tasks (known as pretext tasks) without requiring labeled data to learn useful semantic representations. These pretext tasks are created solely using the input features,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Jason D. Lee , Qi Lei , Nikunj Saunshi , Jiacheng Zhuo

Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) is a valuable and robust training methodology for contemporary Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), enabling unsupervised pretraining on a 'pretext task' that does not require ground-truth labels/annotation. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Sotirios Konstantakos , Jorgen Cani , Ioannis Mademlis , Despina Ioanna Chalkiadaki , Yuki M. Asano , Efstratios Gavves , Georgios Th. Papadopoulos

State-of-the-art, high capacity deep neural networks not only require large amounts of labelled training data, they are also highly susceptible to label errors in this data, typically resulting in large efforts and costs and therefore…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-20 Christian Haase-Schütz , Rainer Stal , Heinz Hertlein , Bernhard Sick

Self-supervised learning has emerged as a powerful paradigm for label-free model pretraining, particularly in the video domain, where manual annotation is costly and time-intensive. However, existing self-supervised approaches employ…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Akash Kumar , Ashlesha Kumar , Vibhav Vineet , Yogesh S Rawat

We propose a novel fine-tuning method to achieve multi-operator learning through training a distributed neural operator with diverse function data and then zero-shot fine-tuning the neural network using physics-informed losses for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Zecheng Zhang , Christian Moya , Lu Lu , Guang Lin , Hayden Schaeffer

We present a novel self-supervised learning approach for conditional generative adversarial networks (GANs) under a semi-supervised setting. Unlike prior self-supervised approaches which often involve geometric augmentations on the image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Jiaze Sun , Binod Bhattarai , Tae-Kyun Kim

Semi-supervised learning approaches train on small sets of labeled data along with large sets of unlabeled data. Self-training is a semi-supervised teacher-student approach that often suffers from the problem of "confirmation bias" that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-19 Aswathnarayan Radhakrishnan , Jim Davis , Zachary Rabin , Benjamin Lewis , Matthew Scherreik , Roman Ilin

Owing to the remarkable capability of extracting effective graph embeddings, graph convolutional network (GCN) and its variants have been successfully applied to a broad range of tasks, such as node classification, link prediction, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Ronghang Zhu , Zhiqiang Tao , Yaliang Li , Sheng Li

Foundation models have emerged as a powerful tool for many AI problems. Despite the tremendous success of foundation models, effective adaptation to new tasks, particularly those with limited labels, remains an open question and lacks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Zhuoyan Xu , Zhenmei Shi , Junyi Wei , Fangzhou Mu , Yin Li , Yingyu Liang

Self-explaining deep models are designed to learn the latent concept-based explanations implicitly during training, which eliminates the requirement of any post-hoc explanation generation technique. In this work, we propose one such model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Anirban Sarkar , Deepak Vijaykeerthy , Anindya Sarkar , Vineeth N Balasubramanian

The success of deep learning in computer vision is rooted in the ability of deep networks to scale up model complexity as demanded by challenging visual tasks. As complexity is increased, so is the need for large amounts of labeled data to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-08-22 Gustav Larsson

Deep learning semantic segmentation methods have shown promising performance for very high 1-m resolution land cover classification, but the challenge of collecting large volumes of representative training data creates a significant barrier…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Dakota Hester , Vitor S. Martins , Lucas B. Ferreira , Thainara M. A. Lima

Due to limited supervised training data, large language models (LLMs) are typically pre-trained via a self-supervised "predict the next word" objective on a vast amount of unstructured text data. To make the resulting model useful to users,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Ajay Patel , Colin Raffel , Chris Callison-Burch

In recent years, graph neural networks (GNNs) have been widely adopted in the representation learning of graph-structured data and provided state-of-the-art performance in various applications such as link prediction, node classification,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Dasol Hwang , Jinyoung Park , Sunyoung Kwon , Kyung-Min Kim , Jung-Woo Ha , Hyunwoo J. Kim

Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) has been proved to be an effective way to leverage both labeled and unlabeled data at the same time. Recent semi-supervised approaches focus on deep neural networks and have achieved promising results on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-12-14 Hong-Yu Zhou , Avital Oliver , Jianxin Wu , Yefeng Zheng

One of the great promises of robot learning systems is that they will be able to learn from their mistakes and continuously adapt to ever-changing environments. Despite this potential, most of the robot learning systems today are deployed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-03 Ryan Julian , Benjamin Swanson , Gaurav S. Sukhatme , Sergey Levine , Chelsea Finn , Karol Hausman