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The current design space of derivatives in Decentralized Finance (DeFi) relies heavily on oracle systems. Replicating market makers (RMMs) provide a mechanism for converting specific payoff functions to an associated Constant Function…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2022-06-06 Estelle Sterrett , Waylon Jepsen , Evan Kim

Decentralized Finance (DeFi) is a rapidly evolving segment of blockchain technology that enables a transformative approach to financial services through Web3 applications. By leveraging smart contracts, DeFi allows developers to build…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Ignat Melnikov , Roman Vlasov , Vladimir Gorgadze , Andrey Seoev , Yury Yanovich

Dynamic-weight AMMs (aka Temporal Function Market Makers, TFMMs) implement algorithmic asset allocation, analogous to index or smart beta funds, by continuously updating pools' weights. A strategy updates target weights over time, and…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2026-02-26 Matthew Willetts , Christian Harrington

Automated market makers (AMMs) have emerged as the dominant market mechanism for trading on decentralized exchanges implemented on blockchains. This paper presents a single mechanism that targets two important unsolved problems for AMMs:…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2025-02-13 Austin Adams , Ciamac C. Moallemi , Sara Reynolds , Dan Robinson

In this work, we present an application of the probabilistic weak formulation of mean field games (MFG) for modeling liquidity pools in a constant product automated market maker (AMM) protocol in the context of decentralized finance. Our…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-14 Agustín Muñoz González , Juan I. Sequeira , Rafael Orive Illera

With the emergence of decentralized finance, new trading mechanisms called Automated Market Makers have appeared. The most popular Automated Market Makers are Constant Function Market Makers. They have been studied both theoretically and…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2023-11-21 Philippe Bergault , Louis Bertucci , David Bouba , Olivier Guéant

In the ever evolving landscape of decentralized finance automated market makers (AMMs) play a key role: they provide a market place for trading assets in a decentralized manner. For so-called bluechip pairs, arbitrage activity provides a…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-05-16 Abe Alexander , Lars Fritz

Automated market makers (AMMs) are a new prototype of decentralised exchanges which are revolutionising market interactions. The majority of AMMs are constant product markets (CPMs) where exchange rates are set by a trading function. This…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2025-06-19 Álvaro Cartea , Fayçal Drissi , Marcello Monga

We suggest a framework to determine optimal trading fees for constant function market makers (CFMMs) in order to maximize liquidity provider returns. In a setting of multiple competing liquidity pools, we show that no race to the bottom…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Robin Fritsch , Roger Wattenhofer

Decentralized exchanges are widely used platforms for trading crypto assets. The most common types work with automated market makers (AMM), allowing traders to exchange assets without needing to find matching counterparties. Thereby,…

General Economics · Economics 2024-02-12 Matthias Hafner , Helmut Dietl

Dynamic AMM pools, as found in Temporal Function Market Making, rebalance their holdings to a new desired ratio (e.g. moving from being 50-50 between two assets to being 90-10 in favour of one of them) by introducing an arbitrage…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2024-03-28 Matthew Willetts , Christian Harrington

This paper introduces and analyzes \emph{defensive rebalancing}, a novel mechanism for protecting constant-function market makers (CFMMs) from value leakage due to arbitrage. A \emph{rebalancing} transfers assets directly from one CFMM's…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Sam Devorsetz , Maurice Herlihy

We investigate the most common type of blockchain-based decentralized exchange, which are known as constant function market makers (CFMMs). We examine the the market microstructure around CFMMs and present a model for valuing the liquidity…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Richard Dewey , Craig Newbold

Automated Market Makers (AMMs) are a central component of decentralized exchanges, yet their equilibrium foundations and microeconomic mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This paper develops a dynamic equilibrium framework for…

General Economics · Economics 2026-03-10 Chengqi Zang , Zhenghui Wang , Weitong Zhang

Current approaches to the cryptocurrency automated market makers result in poor impermanent loss and capital efficiency. We analyze the mechanics underlying DODO Exchange's proactive market maker (PMM) to probe for solutions to these…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2025-01-08 Wayne Chen , Songwei Chen , Preston Rozwood

An automated market maker (AMM) provides a method for creating a decentralized exchange on the blockchain. For this purpose, individual investors lend liquidity to the AMM pool in exchange for a stream of fees earned from its operations as…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-09-30 Maxim Bichuch , Zachary Feinstein

We consider the problem of option hedging in a market with proportional transaction costs. Since super-replication is very costly in such markets, we replace perfect hedging with an expected loss constraint. Asymptotic analysis for small…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2014-09-12 Bruno Bouchard , Ludovic Moreau , Mete H. Soner

Decentralized perpetuals protocols have collectively reached billions of dollars of daily trading volume, yet are still not serious competitors on the basis of trading volume with centralized venues such as Binance. One of the main reasons…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Tarun Chitra , Theo Diamandis , Nathan Sheng , Luke Sterle , Kamil Yusubov

Constant function market makers(CFMMS) are a popular market design for decentralized exchanges(DEX). Liquidity providers(LPs) supply the CFMMs with assets to enable trades. In exchange for providing this liquidity, an LP receives a token…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Waylon Jepsen , Colin Roberts

We develop static and dynamic approaches for hedging of the impermanent loss (IL) of liquidity provision (LP) staked at Decentralised Exchanges (DEXes) which employ Uniswap V2 and V3 protocols. We provide detailed definitions and formulas…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-07-09 Alexander Lipton , Vladimir Lucic , Artur Sepp