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Text-to-image diffusion models have emerged as powerful tools for high-quality image generation and editing. Many existing approaches rely on text prompts as editing guidance. However, these methods are constrained by the need for manual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Yuanyuan Chang , Yinghua Yao , Tao Qin , Mengmeng Wang , Ivor Tsang , Guang Dai

Recent advancements in diffusion models (DMs) have been propelled by alignment methods that post-train models to better conform to human preferences. However, these approaches typically require computation-intensive training of a base model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Zejian Li , Yize Li , Chenye Meng , Zhongni Liu , Yang Ling , Shengyuan Zhang , Guang Yang , Changyuan Yang , Zhiyuan Yang , Lingyun Sun

Generative models are increasingly powerful, yet users struggle to guide them through prompts. The generative process is difficult to control and unpredictable, and user instructions may be ambiguous or under-specified. Prior prompt…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Zhipeng Li , Yi-Chi Liao , Christian Holz

We investigate a general approach for improving user prompts in text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models by finding prompts that maximize a reward function specified at test-time. Although diverse reward models are used for evaluating image…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Semin Kim , Yeonwoo Cha , Jaehoon Yoo , Seunghoon Hong

Automatic prompt optimization (APO) has driven significant gains in LLM-based agentic workflows. However, existing methods treat each task's prompt as a monolithic, instance-blind string optimized through global edits, producing brittle…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jyotirmoy Nath , Neeraj Kumar , Brejesh Lall

Deep diffusion models have revolutionized image generation by producing high-quality outputs. However, achieving specific objectives with these models often requires costly adaptations such as fine-tuning, which can be resource-intensive…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Domício Pereira Neto , João Correia , Penousal Machado

Text-to-image diffusion models have shown impressive capabilities in generating realistic visuals from natural-language prompts, yet they often struggle with accurately binding attributes to corresponding objects, especially in prompts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Do Huu Dat , Nam Hyeonu , Po-Yuan Mao , Tae-Hyun Oh

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved great success across diverse tasks, and fine-tuning is sometimes needed to further enhance generation quality. Most existing methods rely on human supervision or parameter retraining, both of which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zhen-Yu Zhang , Jiandong Zhang , Huaxiu Yao , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama

Well-designed prompts can guide text-to-image models to generate amazing images. However, the performant prompts are often model-specific and misaligned with user input. Instead of laborious human engineering, we propose prompt adaptation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-01 Yaru Hao , Zewen Chi , Li Dong , Furu Wei

Generative AI can now synthesize strikingly realistic images from text, yet output quality remains highly sensitive to how prompts are phrased. Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) offers a lightweight, off-policy alternative to RL for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Anas Mohamed , Azal Ahmad Khan , Xinran Wang , Ahmad Faraz Khan , Shuwen Ge , Saman Bahzad Khan , Ayaan Ahmad , Ali Anwar

In light of the remarkable success of in-context learning in large language models, its potential extension to the vision domain, particularly with visual foundation models like Stable Diffusion, has sparked considerable interest. Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Tianqi Chen , Yongfei Liu , Zhendong Wang , Jianbo Yuan , Quanzeng You , Hongxia Yang , Mingyuan Zhou

Text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models have made remarkable strides in generating and editing high-fidelity images from text. Yet, these models remain fundamentally generic, failing to adapt to the nuanced aesthetic preferences of individual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Connor Dunlop , Matthew Zheng , Kavana Venkatesh , Pinar Yanardag

Text-to-image generation has advanced rapidly, yet aligning complex textual prompts with generated visuals remains challenging, especially with intricate object relationships and fine-grained details. This paper introduces Fast Prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Khalil Mrini , Hanlin Lu , Linjie Yang , Weilin Huang , Heng Wang

Current text-to-image (T2I) benchmarks evaluate models on rigid prompts, potentially underestimating true generative capabilities due to prompt sensitivity and creating biases that favor certain models while disadvantaging others. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Haosheng Gan , Berk Tinaz , Mohammad Shahab Sepehri , Zalan Fabian , Mahdi Soltanolkotabi

Text-to-image diffusion models exhibit strong generative performance but remain highly sensitive to prompt formulation, often requiring extensive manual trial and error to obtain satisfactory results. This motivates the development of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Domício Pereira Neto , João Correia , Penousal Machado

Prompt-based pre-trained language models (PLMs) paradigm have succeeded substantially in few-shot natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, prior discrete prompt optimization methods require expert knowledge to design the base…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Chengzhengxu Li , Xiaoming Liu , Yichen Wang , Duyi Li , Yu Lan , Chao Shen

Recent advances in text-to-image (T2I) generation have achieved remarkable visual outcomes through large-scale rectified flow models. However, how these models behave under long prompts remains underexplored. Long prompts encode rich…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Bo-Kai Ruan , Teng-Fang Hsiao , Ling Lo , Yi-Lun Wu , Hong-Han Shuai

Aligning large language models with human preferences has emerged as a critical focus in language modeling research. Yet, integrating preference learning into Text-to-Image (T2I) generative models is still relatively uncharted territory.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Yi Gu , Zhendong Wang , Yueqin Yin , Yujia Xie , Mingyuan Zhou

Learning from feedback has been shown to enhance the alignment between text prompts and images in text-to-image diffusion models. However, due to the lack of focus in feedback content, especially regarding the object type and quantity,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Xuexiang Niu , Jinping Tang , Lei Wang , Ge Zhu

The recent advancements in Generative AI have significantly advanced the field of text-to-image generation. The state-of-the-art text-to-image model, Stable Diffusion, is now capable of synthesizing high-quality images with a strong sense…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Zhijie Wang , Yuheng Huang , Da Song , Lei Ma , Tianyi Zhang