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Photonic neural networks benefit from both the high channel capacity- and the wave nature of light acting as an effective weighting mechanism through linear optics. The neuron's activation function, however, requires nonlinearity which can…

Optical nonlinear functions are crucial for various applications in integrated photonics, such as all-optical information processing, photonic neural networks and on-chip ultrafast light sources. Due to the weak nonlinearities in most…

Coherent photonic computing uses both the phase and amplitude of light to implement linear operations such as dot products and matrix multiplication but requires phase stability between the interfering paths. This poses a challenge for such…

Optics · Physics 2026-04-16 Shenghan Gao , Kathy Lüdge , Francesco Da Ros , Nathan Youngblood

Nonlinear amplification is a powerful technique for generating ultrashort laser pulses with high peak power in fiber systems. However, the diversity of nonlinear amplification approaches and their inherent complexities present significant…

Optics · Physics 2026-05-29 Wenchao Wang , Yi-Hao Chen , Frank Wise

The high demand for machine intelligence of doubling every three months is driving novel hardware solutions beyond charging of electrical wires given a resurrection to application specific integrated circuit (ASIC)-based accelerators. These…

We report a multi-modal spiking neuron that allows optical and electronic input and control, and wavelength-multiplexing operation, for use in novel high-speed neuromorphic sensing and computing functionalities. The photonic-electronic…

Neural networks have proven effective for solving many difficult computational problems. Implementing complex neural networks in software is very computationally expensive. To explore the limits of information processing, it will be…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-04-20 Jeffrey M. Shainline , Sonia M. Buckley , Richard P. Mirin , Sae Woo Nam

All-optical diffractive neural networks (DNNs) offer a promising alternative to electronics-based neural network processing due to their low latency, high throughput, and inherent spatial parallelism. However, the lack of reconfigurability…

Software-implementation, via neural networks, of brain-inspired computing approaches underlie many important modern-day computational tasks, from image processing to speech recognition, artificial intelligence and deep learning…

Optics · Physics 2021-02-19 J. Feldmann , N. Youngblood , C. D. Wright , H. Bhaskaran , W. H. P. Pernice

Future developments in deep learning applications requiring large datasets will be limited by power and speed limitations of silicon based Von-Neumann computing architectures. Optical architectures provide a low power and high speed…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-03-02 Benjamin D. Steel

Nonlinear optical processing of ambient natural light is highly desired in computational imaging and sensing applications. A strong optical nonlinear response that can work under weak broadband incoherent light is essential for this…

Programmable photonic integrated circuits represent an emerging technology that amalgamates photonics and electronics, paving the way for light-based information processing at high speeds and low power consumption. Considering their wide…

Optics · Physics 2025-02-25 Matthew Markowitz , Kevin Zelaya , Mohammad-Ali Miri

We present a novel approach to implementing all-optical Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) activation functions using compact doubly-resonant cavities with dimensions of approximately $10\,\mu\mathrm{m}$. Our design leverages $\chi^{(2)}$…

Optics · Physics 2025-04-29 Amirreza Ahmadnejad , Mohmmad Mehrdad Asadi , Somayyeh Koohi

Optical fibers have been enabling numerous distinguished applications involving the operation and generation of light, such as soliton transmission, light amplification, all-optical switching and supercontinuum generation. The active…

The integration of computing with memory is essential for distributed, massively parallel, and adaptive architectures such as neural networks in artificial intelligence (AI). Accelerating AI can be achieved through photonic computing, but…

In this paper, we propose a novel fully programmable linear photonic processor, which we call LightPro, with improved scalability, performance, and footprint. At the heart of LightPro are compact, low-loss, and programmable silicon photonic…

Optics · Physics 2025-11-03 Amin Shafiee , Zahra Ghanaatian , Benoit Charbonnier , Mahdi Nikdast

Over the past decade, artificial intelligence (AI) has led to disruptive advancements in fundamental sciences and everyday technologies. Among various machine learning algorithms, deep neural networks have become instrumental in revealing…

Optical neural networks usually execute the linear multiply-accumulate operation in the optical domain, whereas the nonlinear activation function is mostly implemented in the digital or electrical domain. Here we demonstrate a broadband…

Optics · Physics 2025-07-02 Hai-Fei Guo , Zheng-Can Sun , Yi-Wei Shen , Rui-Qian Li , Xing Li , Cheng Wang

Optical neural networks (ONNs) enable high speed parallel and energy efficient processing compared to conventional digital electronic counterparts. However, realizing large scale systems is an open problem. Among various integrated and…

The continuous advancements in ultrafast lasers, characterized by high pulse energy, great average power, and ultrashort pulse duration, have opened up new frontiers and applications in various fields such as high-energy-density science. In…