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Recently, fully recurrent neural network (RNN) based end-to-end models have been proven to be effective for multi-speaker speech recognition in both the single-channel and multi-channel scenarios. In this work, we explore the use of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-14 Xuankai Chang , Wangyou Zhang , Yanmin Qian , Jonathan Le Roux , Shinji Watanabe

Automated design of efficient transformer models has recently attracted significant attention from industry and academia. However, most works only focus on certain metrics while searching for the best-performing transformer architecture.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Shikhar Tuli , Niraj K. Jha

This paper proposes DroFiT (Drone Frequency lightweight Transformer for speech enhancement, a single microphone speech enhancement network for severe drone self-noise. DroFit integrates a frequency-wise Transformer with a full/sub-band…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-10 Jeongmin Lee , Chanhong Jeon , Hyungjoo Seo , Taewook Kang

Transformers' compute-intensive operations pose enormous challenges for their deployment in resource-constrained EdgeAI / tinyML devices. As an established neural network compression technique, quantization reduces the hardware…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Alberto Marchisio , Davide Dura , Maurizio Capra , Maurizio Martina , Guido Masera , Muhammad Shafique

The requirements for many applications of state-of-the-art speech recognition systems include not only low word error rate (WER) but also low latency. Specifically, for many use-cases, the system must be able to decode utterances in a…

Generative conversational interfaces powered by large language models (LLMs) typically stream output token-by-token at a rate determined by computational budget, often neglecting actual human reading speeds and the cognitive load associated…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Chang Xiao , Brenda Yang

The neural transducer is an end-to-end model for automatic speech recognition (ASR). While the model is well-suited for streaming ASR, the training process remains challenging. During training, the memory requirements may quickly exceed the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Stefan Braun , Erik McDermott , Roger Hsiao

Existing speech semantic communication systems mainly based on Joint Source-Channel Coding (JSCC) architectures have demonstrated impressive performance, but their effectiveness remains limited by model structures specifically designed for…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Yun Tian , Zhijin Qin , Guocheng Lv , Ye Jin , Kaibin Huang , Zhu Han

While machine learning techniques are traditionally resource intensive, we are currently witnessing an increased interest in hardware and energy efficient approaches. This need for resource-efficient machine learning is primarily driven by…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-23 Lukas Pfeifenberger , Matthias Zöhrer , Günther Schindler , Wolfgang Roth , Holger Fröning , Franz Pernkopf

Generative models have shown robust performance on speech enhancement and restoration tasks, but most prior approaches operate offline with high latency, making them unsuitable for streaming applications. In this work, we investigate the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-21 Tsun-An Hsieh , Sebastian Braun

Mixed-signal hardware accelerators for deep learning achieve orders of magnitude better power efficiency than their digital counterparts. In the ultra-low power consumption regime, limited signal precision inherent to analog computation…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-04-04 Michael Klachko , Mohammad Reza Mahmoodi , Dmitri B. Strukov

Speech bandwidth extension (BWE) has demonstrated promising performance in enhancing the perceptual speech quality in real communication systems. Most existing BWE researches primarily focus on fixed upsampling ratios, disregarding the fact…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Guochen Yu , Xiguang Zheng , Nan Li , Runqiang Han , Chengshi Zheng , Chen Zhang , Chao Zhou , Qi Huang , Bing Yu

We propose a first streaming accent conversion (AC) model that transforms non-native speech into a native-like accent while preserving speaker identity, prosody and improving pronunciation. Our approach enables stream processing by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Tuan-Nam Nguyen , Ngoc-Quan Pham , Seymanur Akti , Alexander Waibel

We present aTENNuate, a simple deep state-space autoencoder configured for efficient online raw speech enhancement in an end-to-end fashion. The network's performance is primarily evaluated on raw speech denoising, with additional…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Yan Ru Pei , Ritik Shrivastava , FNU Sidharth

The accuracy of end-to-end (E2E) automatic speech recognition (ASR) models continues to improve as they are scaled to larger sizes, with some now reaching billions of parameters. Widespread deployment and adoption of these models, however,…

The increase in open-source availability of Large Language Models (LLMs) has enabled users to deploy them on more and more resource-constrained edge devices to reduce reliance on network connections and provide more privacy. However, the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Jude Haris , Rappy Saha , Wenhao Hu , José Cano

Recent Speech Large Language Models~(LLMs) have achieved impressive capabilities in end-to-end speech interaction. However, the prevailing autoregressive paradigm imposes strict serial constraints, limiting generation efficiency and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ziyang Cheng , Yuhao Wang , Heyang Liu , Ronghua Wu , Qunshan Gu , Yanfeng Wang , Yu Wang

Recent advancements in end-to-end neural speech codecs enable compressing audio at extremely low bitrates while maintaining high-fidelity reconstruction. Meanwhile, low computational complexity and low latency are crucial for real-time…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Leyan Yang , Ronghui Hu , Yang Xu , Jing Lu

We propose an end-to-end speech synthesizer, Fast DCTTS, that synthesizes speech in real time on a single CPU thread. The proposed model is composed of a carefully-tuned lightweight network designed by applying multiple network reduction…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-02 Minsu Kang , Jihyun Lee , Simin Kim , Injung Kim

Stream fusion, also known as system combination, is a common technique in automatic speech recognition for traditional hybrid hidden Markov model approaches, yet mostly unexplored for modern deep neural network end-to-end model…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-15 Timo Lohrenz , Zhengyang Li , Tim Fingscheidt