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Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enriches LLMs by dynamically retrieving external knowledge, reducing hallucinations and satisfying real-time information needs. While existing research mainly targets RAG's performance and efficiency,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Zhuo Chen , Yuyang Gong , Jiawei Liu , Miaokun Chen , Haotan Liu , Qikai Cheng , Fan Zhang , Wei Lu , Xiaozhong Liu

Large language models (LLMs) integrated with retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems improve accuracy by leveraging external knowledge sources. However, recent research has revealed RAG's susceptibility to poisoning attacks, where the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Baolei Zhang , Haoran Xin , Minghong Fang , Zhuqing Liu , Biao Yi , Tong Li , Zheli Liu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) equips large language models (LLMs) with external evidence by retrieving documents at inference time, but it also turns the retrieval corpusinto a sensitive asset. Under a black-box setting, an adversary…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Zelin Guan , Shengda Zhuo , Zeyan Li , Jinchun He , Wangjie Qiu , Zhiming Zheng , Shuqiang Huang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive natural language processing abilities but face challenges such as hallucination and outdated knowledge. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a state-of-the-art…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Baolei Zhang , Yuxi Chen , Zhuqing Liu , Lihai Nie , Tong Li , Zheli Liu , Minghong Fang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge sources, enabling more accurate and contextually relevant responses tailored to user queries. These systems, however, remain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Huichi Zhou , Kin-Hei Lee , Zhonghao Zhan , Yue Chen , Zhenhao Li , Zhaoyang Wang , Hamed Haddadi , Emine Yilmaz

This study presents Poison-RAG, a framework for adversarial data poisoning attacks targeting retrieval-augmented generation (RAG)-based recommender systems. Poison-RAG manipulates item metadata, such as tags and descriptions, to influence…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Fatemeh Nazary , Yashar Deldjoo , Tommaso di Noia

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a promising paradigm to enhance large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge, reducing hallucinations and compensating for outdated information. However, recent studies have…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Pankayaraj Pathmanathan , Michael-Andrei Panaitescu-Liess , Cho-Yu Jason Chiang , Furong Huang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enhance Large Language Models (LLMs) by retrieving relevant documents from external corpora before generating responses. This approach significantly expands LLM capabilities by leveraging vast,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Haowei Wang , Rupeng Zhang , Junjie Wang , Mingyang Li , Yuekai Huang , Dandan Wang , Qing Wang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances Large Language Models by grounding their outputs in external documents. These systems, however, remain vulnerable to attacks on the retrieval corpus, such as prompt injection. RAG-based search…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Zeyu Shen , Basileal Imana , Tong Wu , Chong Xiang , Prateek Mittal , Aleksandra Korolova

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a powerful approach to boost the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) by incorporating external, up-to-date knowledge sources. However, this introduces a potential vulnerability to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Kennedy Edemacu , Vinay M. Shashidhar , Micheal Tuape , Dan Abudu , Beakcheol Jang , Jong Wook Kim

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing (NLP), enabling applications from content generation to decision support. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) improves LLMs by incorporating external knowledge but…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Zirui Cheng , Jikai Sun , Anjun Gao , Yueyang Quan , Zhuqing Liu , Xiaohua Hu , Minghong Fang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enhance large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge, making them adaptable and cost-effective for various applications. However, the growing reliance on these systems also…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Yucheng Zhang , Qinfeng Li , Tianyu Du , Xuhong Zhang , Xinkui Zhao , Zhengwen Feng , Jianwei Yin

Retrieval-Augmented Code Generation (RACG) is increasingly adopted to enhance Large Language Models for software development, yet its security implications remain dangerously underexplored. This paper conducts the first systematic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Tian Li , Bo Lin , Shangwen Wang , Yusong Tan

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to adversarial attack despite their tremendous success in many AI fields. Adversarial attack is a method that causes the intended misclassfication by adding imperceptible perturbations to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-18 Huy Phan , Yi Xie , Siyu Liao , Jie Chen , Bo Yuan

Dense retrievers are widely used in information retrieval and have also been successfully extended to other knowledge intensive areas such as language models, e.g., Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems. Unfortunately, they have…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Jinyan Su , Preslav Nakov , Claire Cardie

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a promising approach to address key limitations of Large Language Models (LLMs), such as hallucination, outdated knowledge, and lacking reference. However, current RAG frameworks often…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Zihan Wang , Zihan Liang , Zhou Shao , Yufei Ma , Huangyu Dai , Ben Chen , Lingtao Mao , Chenyi Lei , Yuqing Ding , Han Li

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems augment large language models with external knowledge, yet introduce a critical security vulnerability: RAG Knowledge Base Leakage, wherein adversarial prompts can induce the model to divulge…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yuanbo Xie , Yingjie Zhang , Yulin Li , Shouyou Song , Xiaokun Chen , Zhihan Liu , Liya Su , Tingwen Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in various domains, primarily due to their strong capabilities in reasoning and generating human-like text. Despite their impressive performance, LLMs are susceptible to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Yangguang Shao , Xinjie Lin , Haozheng Luo , Chengshang Hou , Gang Xiong , Jiahao Yu , Junzheng Shi

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) empowers Large Language Models (LLMs) to dynamically integrate external knowledge during inference, improving their factual accuracy and adaptability. However, adversaries can inject poisoned external…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Hanyu Zhu , Lance Fiondella , Jiawei Yuan , Kai Zeng , Long Jiao

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has proven effective for knowledge-intensive tasks, but is widely believed to offer limited benefit for reasoning-intensive problems such as math and code generation. We challenge this assumption by…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Negar Arabzadeh , Wenjie Ma , Sewon Min , Matei Zaharia