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In real-world clinical practice, overlooking unanticipated findings can result in serious consequences. However, supervised learning, which is the foundation for the current success of deep learning, only encourages models to identify…

Unsupervised anomaly detection (UAD) is a widely adopted approach in industry due to rare anomaly occurrences and data imbalance. A desirable characteristic of an UAD model is contained generalization ability which excels in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-29 YeongHyeon Park , Sungho Kang , Myung Jin Kim , Hyeonho Jeong , Hyunkyu Park , Hyeong Seok Kim , Juneho Yi

Recent efforts towards video anomaly detection (VAD) try to learn a deep autoencoder to describe normal event patterns with small reconstruction errors. The video inputs with large reconstruction errors are regarded as anomalies at the test…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-03 Yuandu Lai , Yahong Han , Yaowei Wang

As an instance-level recognition problem, person re-identification (ReID) relies on discriminative features, which not only capture different spatial scales but also encapsulate an arbitrary combination of multiple scales. We call features…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-19 Kaiyang Zhou , Yongxin Yang , Andrea Cavallaro , Tao Xiang

There have been significant advancements in anomaly detection in an unsupervised manner, where only normal images are available for training. Several recent methods aim to detect anomalies based on a memory, comparing or reconstructing the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Joo Chan Lee , Taejune Kim , Eunbyung Park , Simon S. Woo , Jong Hwan Ko

Anomalies are ubiquitous in all scientific fields and can express an unexpected event due to incomplete knowledge about the data distribution or an unknown process that suddenly comes into play and distorts observations. Due to such events'…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Fabio Valerio Massoli , Fabrizio Falchi , Alperen Kantarci , Şeymanur Akti , Hazim Kemal Ekenel , Giuseppe Amato

Recently, detecting logical anomalies is becoming a more challenging task compared to detecting structural ones. Existing encoder decoder based methods typically compress inputs into low-dimensional bottlenecks on the assumption that the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Muhao Xu , Xueying Zhou , Xizhan Gao , Weiye Song , Guang Feng , Sijie Niu

Anomaly detection, which aims to identify anomalies deviating from normal patterns, is challenging due to the limited amount of normal data available. Unlike most existing unified methods that rely on carefully designed image feature…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Jiawei Liu , Jiahe Hou , Wei Wang , Jinsong Du , Yang Cong , Huijie Fan

Anomaly detection (AD) is a fundamental task of critical importance across numerous domains. Current systems increasingly operate in rapidly evolving environments that generate diverse yet interconnected data modalities -- such as time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Zhongyuan Wu , Jingyuan Wang , Zexuan Cheng , Yilong Zhou , Weizhi Wang , Juhua Pu , Chao Li , Changqing Ma

Image anomaly detection and localization perform not only image-level anomaly classification but also locate pixel-level anomaly regions. Recently, it has received much research attention due to its wide application in various fields. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Chao Huang , Zhao Kang , Hong Wu

The core challenge in unsupervised anomaly detection is identifying abnormal patterns without prior knowledge of their characteristics. While existing methods have addressed aspects of this problem, they often struggle to learn a robust…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Prithul Sarker , Sushmita Sarker , Nicholas G. Murray , Alireza Tavakkoli

In the context of high usability in single-class anomaly detection models, recent academic research has become concerned about the more complex multi-class anomaly detection. Although several papers have designed unified models for this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Xi Jiang , Ying Chen , Qiang Nie , Jianlin Liu , Yong Liu , Chengjie Wang , Feng Zheng

Unsupervised anomaly detection (UAD) has evolved from building specialized single-class models to unified multi-class models, yet existing multi-class models significantly underperform the most advanced one-for-one counterparts. Moreover,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Jia Guo , Shuai Lu , Lei Fan , Zelin Li , Donglin Di , Yang Song , Weihang Zhang , Wenbing Zhu , Hong Yan , Fang Chen , Huiqi Li , Hongen Liao

Anomaly detection is nowadays increasingly used in industrial applications and processes. One of the main fields of the appliance is the visual inspection for surface anomaly detection, which aims to spot regions that deviate from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Niccolò Ferrari , Michele Fraccaroli , Evelina Lamma

In this paper, we introduce a new approach to address the challenge of generalization in hyperspectral anomaly detection (AD). Our method eliminates the need for adjusting parameters or retraining on new test scenes as required by most…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-03 Zhaoxu Li , Yingqian Wang , Chao Xiao , Qiang Ling , Zaiping Lin , Wei An

Existing unsupervised distillation-based methods rely on the differences between encoded and decoded features to locate abnormal regions in test images. However, the decoder trained only on normal samples still reconstructs abnormal patch…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Xiaolei Wang , Xiaoyang Wang , Huihui Bai , Eng Gee Lim , Jimin Xiao

We focus on a specific use case in anomaly detection where the distribution of normal samples is supported by a lower-dimensional manifold. Here, regularized autoencoders provide a popular approach by learning the identity mapping on the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Alexander Bauer , Shinichi Nakajima , Klaus-Robert Müller

Image-based inspection systems have been widely deployed in manufacturing production lines. Due to the scarcity of defective samples, unsupervised anomaly detection that only leverages normal samples during training to detect various…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-22 Chengyu Tao , Hao Xu , Juan Du

We address the problem of anomaly detection, that is, detecting anomalous events in a video sequence. Anomaly detection methods based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) typically leverage proxy tasks, such as reconstructing input video…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-31 Hyunjong Park , Jongyoun Noh , Bumsub Ham

Anomaly detection (AD) aims to identify defective images and localize their defects (if any). Ideally, AD models should be able to detect defects over many image classes; without relying on hard-coded class names that can be uninformative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Chih-Hui Ho , Kuan-Chuan Peng , Nuno Vasconcelos