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High-quality human mobility data is crucial for applications such as urban planning, transportation management, and public health, yet its collection is often hindered by privacy concerns and data scarcity-particularly in less-developed…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Yuan Yuan , Yuheng Zhang , Jingtao Ding , Yong Li

This article presents a large-scale effort to create a structured dataset of internal migration in Finland between 1800 and 1920 using digitized church moving records. These records, maintained by Evangelical-Lutheran parishes, document the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Ari Vesalainen , Jenna Kanerva , Aida Nitsch , Kiia Korsu , Ilari Larkiola , Laura Ruotsalainen , Filip Ginter

Current crowd counting algorithms are only concerned about the number of people in an image, which lacks low-level fine-grained information of the crowd. For many practical applications, the total number of people in an image is not as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Jia Wan , Nikil Senthil Kumar , Antoni B. Chan

Major disasters such as extreme weather events can magnify and exacerbate pre-existing social disparities, with disadvantaged populations bearing disproportionate costs. Despite the implications for equity and emergency planning, we lack a…

Understanding human migration is of great interest to demographers and social scientists. User generated digital data has made it easier to study such patterns at a global scale. Geo coded Twitter data, in particular, has been shown to be a…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2017-02-17 Hieu Nguyen , Kiran Garimella

In this article we analyze the global flow of migrants from 206 source countries to 145 destination countries (2006-2010) and focus on the differences in the migration network pattern between destination and source counters as represented…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-11-18 Idan Porat , Lucien Benguigui

We study the drivers and spatial diffusion of U.S. state population growth using a dynamic spatial model for 49 states, 1965-2017. Methodologically, we recover the spatial network structure from the data, rather than imposing it a priori…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-01-16 Sebastian Kripfganz , Vasilis Sarafidis

Population migration is valuable information which leads to proper decision in urban-planning strategy, massive investment, and many other fields. For instance, inter-city migration is a posterior evidence to see if the government's…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-04-08 Renyu Zhao

The study of human mobility is both of fundamental importance and of great potential value. For example, it can be leveraged to facilitate efficient city planning and improve prevention strategies when faced with epidemics. The newfound…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-10-17 Sang Hoon Lee , Robyn Ffrancon , Daniel M. Abrams , Beom Jun Kim , Mason A. Porter

While traditional data systems remain fundamental to humanitarian response, they often lack the real-time responsiveness and spatial precision needed to capture increasingly complex patterns of displacement. Internal displacement reached an…

We have obtained a "hierarchical regionalization" of 3,107 county-level units of the United States based upon census-recorded 1995-2000 intercounty migration flows. The methodology employed was the two-stage (double-standardization and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-04-09 Paul B. Slater

We consider a stationary continuous model of random size population with non-neutral mutations using a continuous state branching process with non-homogeneous immigration. We assume the type (or mutation) of the immigrants is random given…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-07-26 Hongwei Bi , Jean-François Delmas

Understanding human mobility is essential for applications ranging from urban planning to public health. Traditional mobility models such as flow networks and colocation matrices capture only pairwise interactions between discrete…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Prathyush Sambaturu , Bernardo Gutierrez , Moritz U. G. Kraemer

Urban development is shaped by historical, geographical, and economic factors, presenting challenges for planners in understanding urban form. This study models commute flows across multiple U.S. cities, uncovering consistent patterns in…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-11-11 Margarita Mishina , Mingyi He , Venu Garikapati , Stanislav Sobolevsky

The digital age allows data collection to be done on a large scale and at low cost. This is the case of genealogy trees, which flourish on numerous digital platforms thanks to the collaboration of a mass of individuals wishing to trace…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-07-25 Arthur Charpentier , Ewen Gallic

While the overarching pattern of biannual avian migration is well understood, there are significant questions pertaining to this phenomenon that invite further study. Necessary to any analysis of these questions is an understanding of how a…

Applications · Statistics 2024-07-04 Michael F. Christensen , Peter D. Hoff

Graph Neural networks (GNNs) have been applied in many scenarios due to the superior performance of graph learning. However, fairness is always ignored when designing GNNs. As a consequence, biased information in training data can easily…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-26 YanMing Hu , TianChi Liao , JiaLong Chen , Jing Bian , ZiBin Zheng , Chuan Chen

Florida has experienced significant population increase in recent years, driven in part by domestic migration from other states. This study analyzes the migration patterns of voters in Florida between 2017 and 2022 using voter registration…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-03-27 Fangzhou Xie

Up-to-date catalogs of the urban tree population are important for municipalities to monitor and improve quality of life in cities. Despite much research on automation of tree mapping, mainly relying on dedicated airborne LiDAR or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Steve Branson , Jan Dirk Wegner , David Hall , Nico Lang , Konrad Schindler , Pietro Perona

The American Community Survey (ACS) is the bedrock underpinning any analysis of the US population, urban areas included. The Census Bureau delivers the ACS data in multiple formats, yet in each the raw data is difficult to export in bulk…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2016-10-10 Eve Ahearn , Olga Ianiuk