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Despite prior safety alignment efforts, mainstream LLMs can still generate harmful and unethical content when subjected to jailbreaking attacks. Existing jailbreaking methods fall into two main categories: template-based and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Weipeng Jiang , Zhenting Wang , Juan Zhai , Shiqing Ma , Zhengyu Zhao , Chao Shen

System prompt configuration can make the difference between near-total phishing blindness and near-perfect detection in LLM email agents. We present PhishNChips, a study of 11 models under 10 prompt strategies, showing that prompt-model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Ron Litvak

Automated decision making is used routinely throughout our everyday life. Recommender systems decide which jobs, movies, or other user profiles might be interesting to us. Spell checkers help us to make good use of language. Fraud detection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-15 Alexander Jung , Pedro H. J. Nardelli

Presentation attacks represent a critical security threat where adversaries use fake biometric data, such as face, fingerprint, or iris images, to gain unauthorized access to protected systems. Various presentation attack detection (PAD)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Rashik Shadman , M G Sarwar Murshed , Faraz Hussain

Phishing is a prevalent cyberattack that uses look-alike websites to deceive users into revealing sensitive information. Numerous efforts have been made by the Internet community and security organizations to detect, prevent, or train users…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Gaurav Varshney , Akanksha Raj , Divya Sangwan , Sharif Abuadbba , Rina Mishra , Yansong Gao

Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a promising approach to enhancing Explainable AI (XAI) by transforming complex machine learning outputs into easy-to-understand narratives, making model predictions more accessible to users, and helping…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Ahsan Bilal , David Ebert , Beiyu Lin

Vulnerability detectors based on deep learning (DL) models have proven their effectiveness in recent years. However, the shroud of opacity surrounding the decision-making process of these detectors makes it difficult for security analysts…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Baijun Cheng , Shengming Zhao , Kailong Wang , Meizhen Wang , Guangdong Bai , Ruitao Feng , Yao Guo , Lei Ma , Haoyu Wang

Phishing attacks are one of the trending cyber attacks that apply socially engineered messages that are communicated to people from professional hackers aiming at fooling users to reveal their sensitive information, the most popular…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-08-09 Adwan Yasin , Abdelmunem Abuhasan

Smishing, or SMS-based phishing, poses an increasing threat to mobile users by mimicking legitimate communications through culturally adapted, concise, and deceptive messages, which can result in the loss of sensitive data or financial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Shaghayegh Hosseinpour , Sanchari Das

The integration of artificial intelligence into business processes has significantly enhanced decision-making capabilities across various industries such as finance, healthcare, and retail. However, explaining the decisions made by these AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Arne Grobrugge , Nidhi Mishra , Johannes Jakubik , Gerhard Satzger

The need for transparency of predictive systems based on Machine Learning algorithms arises as a consequence of their ever-increasing proliferation in the industry. Whenever black-box algorithmic predictions influence human affairs, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Kacper Sokol , Peter Flach

Cyber-phishing attacks recently became more precise, targeted, and tailored by training data to activate only in the presence of specific information or cues. They are adaptable to a much greater extent than traditional phishing detection.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-28 Amir Kashapov , Tingmin Wu , Alsharif Abuadbba , Carsten Rudolph

Deep learning models are one of the security strategies, trained on extensive datasets, and play a critical role in detecting and responding to these threats by recognizing complex patterns in malicious code. However, the opaque nature of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Richa Dasila , Vatsala Upadhyay , Samo Bobek , Abhishek Vaish

Neural networks are ubiquitous in applied machine learning for education. Their pervasive success in predictive performance comes alongside a severe weakness, the lack of explainability of their decisions, especially relevant in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Vinitra Swamy , Bahar Radmehr , Natasa Krco , Mirko Marras , Tanja Käser

Recent advancements in machine learning have spurred growing interests in automated interpreting quality assessment. Nevertheless, existing research suffers from insufficient examination of language use quality, unsatisfactory modeling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Zhaokun Jiang , Ziyin Zhang

Adversarial attacks on knowledge graph embeddings (KGE) aim to disrupt the model's ability of link prediction by removing or inserting triples. A recent black-box method has attempted to incorporate textual and structural information to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Ting Li , Yang Yang , Yipeng Yu , Liang Yao , Guoqing Chao , Ruifeng Xu

PhisNet is a cutting-edge web application designed to detect phishing websites using advanced machine learning. It aims to help individuals and organizations identify and prevent phishing attacks through a robust AI framework. PhisNet…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Prashant Kumar , Kevin Antony , Deepakmoney Banga , Arshpreet Sohal

Explainable machine learning (XML) has emerged as a major challenge in artificial intelligence (AI). Although black-box models such as Deep Neural Networks and Gradient Boosting often exhibit exceptional predictive accuracy, their lack of…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-18 Evgenii Kuriabov , Jia Li

Modern phishing campaigns increasingly evade snapshot-based URL classifiers using interaction gates (e.g., checkbox/slider challenges), delayed content rendering, and logo-less credential harvesters. This shifts URL triage from static…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Haolin Zhang , William Reber , Yuxuan Zhang , Guofei Gu , Jeff Huang

The accelerated progress of artificial intelligence (AI) has popularized deep learning models across various domains, yet their inherent opacity poses challenges, particularly in critical fields like healthcare, medicine, and the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Michail Mamalakis , Antonios Mamalakis , Ingrid Agartz , Lynn Egeland Mørch-Johnsen , Graham Murray , John Suckling , Pietro Lio