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Access to obstetric ultrasound is often limited in low-resource settings, particularly in rural areas of low- and middle-income countries. This work proposes a human-in-the-loop artificial intelligence (AI) system designed to assist…
Computer-aided diagnosis systems hold great promise to aid radiologists and clinicians in radiological clinical practice and enhance diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. However, the conventional systems primarily focus on delivering…
With the advances of AI research, AI has been increasingly adopted in numerous domains, ranging from low-stakes daily tasks such as movie recommendations to high-stakes tasks such as medicine, and criminal justice decision-making.…
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is gradually changing the practice of surgery with the advanced technological development of imaging, navigation and robotic intervention. In this article, the recent successful and influential applications of…
Leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI) in decision support systems has disproportionately focused on technological advancements, often overlooking the alignment between algorithmic outputs and human expectations. A human-centered…
The rapid advancement of Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI), such as Large Language Models (LLMs) and Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLM), has the potential to revolutionize the way we work and interact with digital systems across…
Collaborative AI systems (CAISs) aim at working together with humans in a shared space to achieve a common goal. This critical setting yields hazardous circumstances that could harm human beings. Thus, building such systems with strong…
In this paper we propose an advanced approach to integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into healthcare: autonomous decision support. This approach allows the AI algorithm to act autonomously for a subset of patient cases whilst serving a…
Colorectal cancer is the third most common tumor in men and the second in women, accounting for 10% of all tumors worldwide. It ranks second in cancer-related deaths with 9.4%, following lung cancer. The decrease in mortality rate…
Generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools can now help people perform complex data science tasks regardless of their expertise. While these tools have great potential to help more people work with data, their end-to-end approach does…
The continuous development of artificial intelligence (AI) theory has propelled this field to unprecedented heights, owing to the relentless efforts of scholars and researchers. In the medical realm, AI takes a pivotal role, leveraging…
Most clinical AI systems operate as prediction engines -- producing labels or risk scores -- yet real clinical reasoning is a time-bounded, sequential control problem under uncertainty. Clinicians interleave information gathering with…
What we expect from radiology AI algorithms will shape the selection and implementation of AI in the radiologic practice. In this paper I consider prevailing expectations of AI and compare them to expectations that we have of human readers.…
This study is located in the Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (HCAI) and focuses on the results of a user-centered assessment of commonly used eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) algorithms, specifically investigating how humans…
Background: Artificial Intelligence (AI) clinical decision support (CDS) systems have the potential to augment surgical risk assessments, but successful adoption depends on an understanding of end-user needs and current workflows. This…
The role of data in building AI systems has recently been significantly magnified by the emerging concept of data-centric AI (DCAI), which advocates a fundamental shift from model advancements to ensuring data quality and reliability.…
Colonic polyps are well-recognized precursors to colorectal cancer (CRC), typically detected during colonoscopy. However, the variability in appearance, location, and size of these polyps complicates their detection and removal, leading to…
Detecting and classifying lesions in breast ultrasound images is a promising application of artificial intelligence (AI) for reducing the burden of cancer in regions with limited access to mammography. Such AI systems are more likely to be…
The brightfield microscope is instrumental in the visual examination of both biological and physical samples at sub-millimeter scales. One key clinical application has been in cancer histopathology, where the microscopic assessment of the…
Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful tool to enhance decision-making and optimize treatment protocols in in vitro fertilization (IVF). In particular, AI shows significant promise in supporting decision-making during the…