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Quantum computing is an emerging topic in engineering that promises to enhance supercomputing using fundamental physics. In the near term, the best candidate algorithms for achieving this advantage are variational quantum algorithms (VQAs).…

Quantum computing holds promise across various fields, particularly with the advent of Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices, which can outperform classical supercomputers in specific tasks. However, challenges such as noise and…

The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE), a type of variational quantum algorithm, is a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm to find the lowest-energy eigenstate of a particular Hamiltonian. We investigate ways to optimize the VQE solving…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-30 Adam Hutchings , Eric Yarnot , Xinpeng Li , Qiang Guan , Ning Xie , Shuai Xu , Vipin Chaudhary

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is crucial for obtaining reliable results on quantum computers by suppressing quantum noise with moderate resources. It is a key factor for successful and practical quantum algorithm implementations in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-28 Shi-Xin Zhang , Zhou-Quan Wan , Chang-Yu Hsieh , Hong Yao , Shengyu Zhang

Quantum enhanced optimization of classical cost functions is a central theme of quantum computing due to its high potential value in science and technology. The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) and the quantum approximate optimization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-27 Giuseppe Scriva , Nikita Astrakhantsev , Sebastiano Pilati , Guglielmo Mazzola

In recent years, Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) have emerged as a promising approach for solving optimization problems on quantum computers in the NISQ era. However, one limitation of VQAs is their reliance on fixed-structure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Gloria Turati , Maurizio Ferrari Dacrema , Paolo Cremonesi

Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) is a hybrid algorithm for finding the minimum eigenvalue/vector of a given Hamiltonian by optimizing a parametrized quantum circuit (PQC) using a classical computer. Sequential optimization methods,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-17 Katsuhiro Endo , Yuki Sato , Rudy Raymond , Kaito Wada , Naoki Yamamoto , Hiroshi C. Watanabe

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) offer the most promising path to obtaining quantum advantages via noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) processors. Such systems leverage classical optimization to tune the parameters of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-26 Sharu Theresa Jose , Osvaldo Simeone

This work studies the variational quantum eigensolver algorithm, designed to determine the ground state of a quantum mechanical system by combining classical and quantum hardware. Methods of reducing the number of required qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-01 R. J. P. T. de Keijzer , V. E. Colussi , B. Škorić , S. J. J. M. F. Kokkelmans

Quantum computing promises significant speed-ups for certain algorithms but the practical use of current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era computers remains limited by resources constraints (e.g., noise, qubits, gates, and circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Tobias Fischbach , Pierre Talbot , Pascal Bouvry

Molecular quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) may provide low-power, high-speed computational hardware for processing classical information. Simulation and modeling play an important role in the design of QCA circuits because fully-coherent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-15 Nischal Binod Gautam , Enrique P. Blair

The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is one of the most representative quantum algorithms in the noisy intermediate-size quantum (NISQ) era, and is generally speculated to deliver one of the first quantum advantages for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-13 Shi-Xin Zhang , Zhou-Quan Wan , Chee-Kong Lee , Chang-Yu Hsieh , Shengyu Zhang , Hong Yao

Cryptanalysis on standard quantum cryptographic systems generally involves finding optimal adversarial attack strategies on the underlying protocols. The core principle of modelling quantum attacks in many cases reduces to the adversary's…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-14 Brian Coyle , Mina Doosti , Elham Kashefi , Niraj Kumar

Variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is regarded as a promising candidate of hybrid quantum-classical algorithm for the near-term quantum computers. Meanwhile, VQE is confronted with a challenge that statistical error associated with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-12 Ken N. Okada , Keita Osaki , Kosuke Mitarai , Keisuke Fujii

The execution of quantum algorithms on modern hardware is often constrained by noise and qubit decoherence, limiting the circuit depth and the number of gates that can be executed. Circuit optimization techniques help mitigate these…

Quantum Phase Estimation (QPE) stands as a pivotal quantum computing subroutine that necessitates an inverse Quantum Fourier Transform (QFT). However, it is imperative to recognize that enhancing the precision of the estimation inevitably…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-09 Chen-Yu Liu , Chu-Hsuan Abraham Lin , Kuan-Cheng Chen

The state-of-the-art quantum computing hardware has entered the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era. Having been constrained by the limited number of qubits and shallow circuit depth, NISQ devices have nevertheless demonstrated the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-23 Guanglei Xu , Yi-Bin Guo , Xuan Li , Zong-Sheng Zhou , Hai-Jun Liao , T. Xiang

Quantum computing is among the most promising emerging techniques to solve problems that are computationally intractable on classical hardware. A large body of existing works focus on using variational quantum algorithms on the gate level…

In the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era, variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have emerged as a promising avenue to obtain quantum advantage. However, the success of VQAs depends on the expressive power of parameterised quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-15 Yingli Yang , Zongkang Zhang , Anbang Wang , Xiaosi Xu , Xiaoting Wang , Ying Li

In recent times, Variational Quantum Circuits (VQC) have been widely adopted to different tasks in machine learning such as Combinatorial Optimization and Supervised Learning. With the growing interest, it is pertinent to study the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-13 Dheeraj Peddireddy , Vipul Bansal , Vaneet Aggarwal