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Multimodal large language models have experienced rapid growth, and numerous different models have emerged. The interpretability of LVLMs remains an under-explored area. Especially when faced with more complex tasks such as chain-of-thought…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Xiaofeng Zhang , Fanshuo Zeng , Yihao Quan , Zheng Hui , Jiawei Yao

When humans describe a visual scene, they do not process the entire image uniformly; instead, they selectively fixate on regions relevant to their intended description. In contrast, current multimodal large language models (MLLMs) attend to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Junha Song , Byeongho Heo , Geonmo Gu , Jaegul Choo , Dongyoon Han , Sangdoo Yun

Continuous latent-space reasoning offers a compact alternative to textual chain-of-thought for multimodal models, enabling high-dimensional visual evidence to be integrated without explicit reasoning tokens. However, we identify a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Xin Zhang , Qiqi Tao , Jiawei Du , Moyun Liu , Joey Tianyi Zhou

Vision-language models (VLMs) integrate visual and textual information, enabling a wide range of applications such as image captioning and visual question answering, making them crucial for modern AI systems. However, their high…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Gaurav Shinde , Anuradha Ravi , Emon Dey , Shadman Sakib , Milind Rampure , Nirmalya Roy

As the computational needs of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) increase, visual token pruning has proven effective in improving inference speed and memory efficiency. Traditional pruning methods in LVLMs predominantly focus on attention…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Bozhi Luan , Wengang Zhou , Hao Feng , Zhe Wang , Xiaosong Li , Houqiang Li

The advent of Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) has significantly enhanced Large Language Models (LLMs) to process and interpret diverse data modalities (e.g., image and video). However, as input complexity increases, particularly with long…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Shilin Yan , Jiaming Han , Joey Tsai , Hongwei Xue , Rongyao Fang , Lingyi Hong , Ziyu Guo , Ray Zhang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) leverage aligned visual encoders to transform images into visual tokens, allowing them to be processed similarly to text by the backbone large language model (LLM). This unified input paradigm enables VLMs to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Bangzheng Li , Fei Wang , Wenxuan Zhou , Nan Xu , Ben Zhou , Sheng Zhang , Hoifung Poon , Muhao Chen

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) deliver impressive vision-language reasoning but suffer steep inference latency because self-attention scales quadratically with sequence length and thousands of visual tokens contributed by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Wengyi Zhan , Mingbao Lin , Zhihang Lin , Rongrong Ji

Recent Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable multimodal understanding capabilities, yet the redundant visual tokens incur prohibitive computational overhead and degrade inference efficiency. Prior studies typically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Qiankun Ma , Ziyao Zhang , Haofei Wang , Jie Chen , Zhen Song , Hairong Zheng

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have shown impressive performance across multi-modal tasks by encoding images into thousands of tokens. However, the large number of image tokens results in significant computational overhead, and the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Kaiyuan Li , Xiaoyue Chen , Chen Gao , Yong Li , Xinlei Chen

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities, yet they encounter significant computational bottlenecks due to the massive volume of visual tokens. Consequently, visual token pruning, which substantially…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Yifan Tan , Yifu Sun , Shirui Huang , Hong Liu , Guanghua Yu , Jianchen Zhu , Yangdong Deng

Efficient vision-language understanding of large Remote Sensing Images (RSIs) is meaningful but challenging. Current Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) typically employ limited pre-defined grids to process images, leading to information…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Junwei Luo , Yingying Zhang , Xue Yang , Kang Wu , Qi Zhu , Lei Liang , Jingdong Chen , Yansheng Li

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrate impressive reasoning capabilities, but often fail to perceive fine-grained visual details, limiting their applicability in precision-demanding tasks. While methods that crop salient…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Woojun Jung , Jaehoon Go , Mingyu Jeon , Sunjae Yoon , Junyeong Kim

Visual token pruning reduces the computational cost of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) by removing redundant visual tokens. Existing methods typically rely on Gumbel-Softmax to approximate discrete selection during training. However, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Landi He , Mingde Yao , Shawn Young , Lijian Xu

In the field of multi-modal language models, the majority of methods are built on an architecture similar to LLaVA. These models use a single-layer ViT feature as a visual prompt, directly feeding it into the language models alongside…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Kaibing Chen , Dong Shen , Hanwen Zhong , Huasong Zhong , Kui Xia , Di Xu , Wei Yuan , Yifei Hu , Bin Wen , Tianke Zhang , Changyi Liu , Dewen Fan , Huihui Xiao , Jiahong Wu , Fan Yang , Size Li , Di Zhang

Vision Large Language Models (VLLMs) usually take input as a concatenation of image token embeddings and text token embeddings and conduct causal modeling. However, their internal behaviors remain underexplored, raising the question of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Houjing Wei , Yuting Shi , Naoya Inoue

Going beyond mere fine-tuning of vision-language models (VLMs), learnable prompt tuning has emerged as a promising, resource-efficient alternative. Despite their potential, effectively learning prompts faces the following challenges: (i)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Hari Chandana Kuchibhotla , Sai Srinivas Kancheti , Abbavaram Gowtham Reddy , Vineeth N Balasubramanian

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in multimodal tasks. Despite their impressive performance, MLLMs suffer from the modality imbalance issue, where visual information is often underutilized…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Hengzhuang Li , Xinsong Zhang , Qiming Peng , Bin Luo , Han Hu , Dengyang Jiang , Han-Jia Ye , Teng Zhang , Hai Jin

Data-efficient learning aims to eliminate redundancy in large training datasets by training models on smaller subsets of the most informative examples. While data selection has been extensively explored for vision models and large language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Nilay Naharas , Dang Nguyen , Nesihan Bulut , Mohammadhossein Bateni , Vahab Mirrokni , Baharan Mirzasoleiman

Masked language modeling (MLM) is one of the key sub-tasks in vision-language pretraining. In the cross-modal setting, tokens in the sentence are masked at random, and the model predicts the masked tokens given the image and the text. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Yonatan Bitton , Gabriel Stanovsky , Michael Elhadad , Roy Schwartz