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Visual instruction tuning is crucial for enhancing the zero-shot generalization capability of Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs). In this paper, we aim to investigate a fundamental question: ''what makes for good visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Yifan Du , Hangyu Guo , Kun Zhou , Wayne Xin Zhao , Jinpeng Wang , Chuyuan Wang , Mingchen Cai , Ruihua Song , Ji-Rong Wen

Multimodal information retrieval (MMIR) has gained attention for its flexibility in handling text, images, or mixed queries and candidates. Recent breakthroughs in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) boost MMIR performance by…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Dawei Su , Dongsheng Wang

Instruction tuning for large language models (LLMs) has gained attention from researchers due to its ability to unlock the potential of LLMs in following instructions. While instruction tuning offers advantages for facilitating the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Hao Chen , Yiming Zhang , Qi Zhang , Hantao Yang , Xiaomeng Hu , Xuetao Ma , Yifan Yanggong , Junbo Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable abilities in general scenarios. Instruction finetuning empowers them to align with humans in various tasks. Nevertheless, the Diversity and Quality of the instruction data remain two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Xingyuan Pan , Luyang Huang , Liyan Kang , Zhicheng Liu , Yu Lu , Shanbo Cheng

Existing visual instruction tuning methods typically prompt large language models with textual descriptions to generate instruction-following data. Despite the promising performance achieved, these descriptions are derived from image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Junke Wang , Lingchen Meng , Zejia Weng , Bo He , Zuxuan Wu , Yu-Gang Jiang

Datasets nowadays are generally constructed from multiple sources and using different synthetic techniques, making data de-noising and de-duplication crucial before being used for post-training. In this work, we propose to perform…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Qi Jia , Siyu Ren , Ziheng Qin , Fuzhao Xue , Jinjie Ni , Yang You

Instruction fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs) often involves selecting a subset of instruction training data from a large candidate pool, using a small query set from the target task. Despite growing interest, the literature on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Nihal V. Nayak , Paula Rodriguez-Diaz , Neha Hulkund , Sara Beery , David Alvarez-Melis

Recent advances in Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs), such as LLaVA-series models, are driven by massive machine-generated instruction-following data tuning. Such automatic instruction collection pipelines, however, inadvertently…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Hongzhe Huang , Jiang Liu , Zhewen Yu , Li Cai , Dian Jiao , Wenqiao Zhang , Siliang Tang , Juncheng Li , Hao Jiang , Haoyuan Li , Yueting Zhuang

Emerging multimodal large language models (MLLMs) exhibit great potential for chart question answering (CQA). Recent efforts primarily focus on scaling up training datasets (i.e., charts, data tables, and question-answer (QA) pairs) through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Xingchen Zeng , Haichuan Lin , Yilin Ye , Wei Zeng

Instruction tuning is essential for Large Language Models (LLMs) to effectively follow user instructions. To improve training efficiency and reduce data redundancy, recent works use LLM-based scoring functions, e.g., Instruction-Following…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Yanjun Fu , Faisal Hamman , Sanghamitra Dutta

Visual instruction tuning adapts pre-trained Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to follow human instructions for real-world applications. However, the rapid growth of these datasets introduces significant redundancy, leading to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Jinhe Bi , Aniri , Yifan Wang , Danqi Yan , Wenke Huang , Zengjie Jin , Xiaowen Ma , Sikuan Yan , Artur Hecker , Mang Ye , Xun Xiao , Hinrich Schuetze , Volker Tresp , Yunpu Ma

The integration of visual encoders and large language models (LLMs) has driven recent progress in multimodal large language models (MLLMs). However, the scarcity of high-quality instruction-tuning data for vision-language tasks remains a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Bin Wang , Fan Wu , Xiao Han , Jiahui Peng , Huaping Zhong , Pan Zhang , Xiaoyi Dong , Weijia Li , Wei Li , Jiaqi Wang , Conghui He

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied across various tasks, instruction tuning has emerged as a critical method for enhancing model performance. However, current data management strategies face substantial challenges in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Yangning Li , Zihua Lan , Lv Qingsong , Yinghui Li , Hai-Tao Zheng

Instruction tuning is crucial for optimizing Large Language Models (LLMs), yet mainstream data selection methods heavily rely on LLMs as instruction quality scorers, leading to high computational costs and reduced data diversity. To address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Hongyi Cai , Yuqian Fu , Hongming Fu , Bo Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) are initially pretrained for broad capabilities and then finetuned with instruction-following datasets to improve their performance in interacting with humans. Despite advances in finetuning, a standardized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Yihan Cao , Yanbin Kang , Chi Wang , Lichao Sun

Instruction tuning (IT) is crucial to tailoring large language models (LLMs) towards human-centric interactions. Recent advancements have shown that the careful selection of a small, high-quality subset of IT data can significantly enhance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Liangxin Liu , Xuebo Liu , Derek F. Wong , Dongfang Li , Ziyi Wang , Baotian Hu , Min Zhang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) perform well on many vision-language tasks but often struggle with vision-centric problems that require fine-grained visual reasoning. Recent evidence suggests that this limitation arises not from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Sophia Sirko-Galouchenko , Monika Wysoczanska , Andrei Bursuc , Nicolas Thome , Spyros Gidaris

The mathematical capabilities of Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) remain under-explored with three areas to be improved: visual encoding of math diagrams, diagram-language alignment, and chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning. This draws…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Renrui Zhang , Xinyu Wei , Dongzhi Jiang , Ziyu Guo , Shicheng Li , Yichi Zhang , Chengzhuo Tong , Jiaming Liu , Aojun Zhou , Bin Wei , Shanghang Zhang , Peng Gao , Chunyuan Li , Hongsheng Li

Instruction tuning fine-tunes pre-trained Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to handle real-world tasks. However, the rapid expansion of visual instruction datasets introduces data redundancy, leading to excessive computational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Qifan Yu , Zhebei Shen , Zhongqi Yue , Yang Wu , Bosheng Qin , Wenqiao Zhang , Yunfei Li , Juncheng Li , Siliang Tang , Yueting Zhuang

Instruction tuning plays a critical role in aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preference. Despite the vast amount of open instruction datasets, naively training a LLM on all existing instructions may not be optimal and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Yulei Qin , Yuncheng Yang , Pengcheng Guo , Gang Li , Hang Shao , Yuchen Shi , Zihan Xu , Yun Gu , Ke Li , Xing Sun