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Continuous first-order logic is used to apply model-theoretic analysis to analytic structures (e.g. Hilbert spaces, Banach spaces, probability spaces, etc.). Classical computable model theory is used to examine the algorithmic structure of…

Logic · Mathematics 2008-06-04 Wesley Calvert

A forcing extension may create new isomorphisms between two models of a first order theory. Certain model theoretic constraints on the theory and other constraints on the forcing can prevent this pathology. A countable first order theory is…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-09-06 John T. Baldwin , Michael C. Laskowski , Saharon Shelah

Learning-to-rank (LTR) is a class of supervised learning techniques that apply to ranking problems dealing with a large number of features. The popularity and widespread application of LTR models in prioritizing information in a variety of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Jaspreet Singh , Zhenye Wang , Megha Khosla , Avishek Anand

The notion of a real-valued function is central to mathematics, computer science, and many other scientific fields. Despite this importance, there are hardly any positive results on decision procedures for predicate logical theories that…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Stefan Ratschan

Ranking methods or models based on their performance is of prime importance but is tricky because performance is fundamentally multidimensional. In the case of classification, precision and recall are scores with probabilistic…

Performance · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Sébastien Piérard , Adrien Deliège , Marc Van Droogenbroeck

Transfinite set theory including the axiom of choice supplies the following basic theorems: (1) Mappings between infinite sets can always be completed, such that at least one of the sets is exhausted. (2) The real numbers can be well…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 W. Mueckenheim

I have argued elsewhere that second order logic provides a foundation for mathematics much in the same way as set theory does, despite the fact that the former is second order and the latter first order, but second order logic is marred by…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-02-14 Jouko Väänänen

The ranking problem is to order a collection of units by some unobserved parameter, based on observations from the associated distribution. This problem arises naturally in a number of contexts, such as business, where we may want to rank…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-09-04 Toby Kenney

In this paper, we propose how to use objective arguments grounded in statistical mechanics concepts in order to obtain a single number, obtained after aggregation, which would allow to rank "agents", "opinions", ..., all defined in a very…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-05-02 Marcel Ausloos , Giulia Rotundo , Roy Cerqueti

A new class of general exponential ranking models is introduced which we label angle-based models for ranking data. A consensus score vector is assumed, which assigns scores to a set of items, where the scores reflect a consensus view of…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-12-27 Hang Xu , Mayer Alvo , Philip L. H. Yu

Unanticipated connections between different fragments of lambda calculus and different families of embedded graphs (a.k.a. "maps") motivate the problem of enumerating $\beta$-normal linear lambda terms. In this brief note, it is shown (by…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-09-28 Noam Zeilberger

This paper concerns with statistical estimation and inference for the ranking problems based on pairwise comparisons with additional covariate information such as the attributes of the compared items. Despite extensive studies, few prior…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-03-26 Jianqing Fan , Jikai Hou , Mengxin Yu

Arrangement theory plays an essential role in the study of the unfolding model used in many fields. This paper describes how arrangement theory can be usefully employed in solving the problems of counting (i) the number of admissible…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-01-11 Hidehiko Kamiya , Akimichi Takemura , Norihide Tokushige

Ranked enumeration is a query-answering paradigm where the query answers are returned incrementally in order of importance (instead of returning all answers at once). Importance is defined by a ranking function that can be specific to the…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Nikolaos Tziavelis , Wolfgang Gatterbauer , Mirek Riedewald

We study the structure of families of theories in the language of arithmetic extended to allow these families to refer to one another and to themselves. If a theory contains schemata expressing its own truth and expressing a specific Turing…

Logic · Mathematics 2020-08-27 Samuel Allen Alexander

We study theta-joins in general and join predicates with conjunctions and disjunctions of inequalities in particular, focusing on ranked enumeration where the answers are returned incrementally in an order dictated by a given ranking…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Nikolaos Tziavelis , Wolfgang Gatterbauer , Mirek Riedewald

Prolog's ability to return multiple answers on backtracking provides an elegant mechanism to derive reversible encodings of combinatorial objects as Natural Numbers i.e. {\em ranking} and {\em unranking} functions. Starting from a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2008-08-06 Paul Tarau

The Scott rank of a countable structure is a measure, coming from the proof of Scott's isomorphism theorem, of the complexity of that structure. The Scott spectrum of a theory (by which we mean a sentence of $\mathcal{L}_{\omega_1 \omega}$)…

Logic · Mathematics 2015-10-28 Matthew Harrison-Trainor

We develop a family of simple rank one theories built over quite arbitrary sequences of finite hypergraphs. (This extends an idea from the recent proof that Keisler's order has continuum many classes, however, the construction does not…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-07-24 M. Malliaris , S. Shelah

We present a new method for the constraint-based synthesis of termination arguments for linear loop programs based on linear ranking templates. Linear ranking templates are parametrized, well-founded relations such that an assignment to the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-01-22 Jan Leike , Matthias Heizmann