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Climate models struggle to accurately simulate precipitation, particularly extremes and the diurnal cycle. Here, we present a hybrid model that is trained directly on satellite-based precipitation observations. Our model runs at 2.8$^\circ$…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-12-17 Janni Yuval , Ian Langmore , Dmitrii Kochkov , Stephan Hoyer

Classifying the state of the atmosphere into a finite number of large-scale circulation regimes is a popular way of investigating teleconnections, the predictability of severe weather events, and climate change. Here, we investigate a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Andreas Holm Nielsen , Alexandros Iosifidis , Henrik Karstoft

Existing methods for diagnosing predictability in climate indices often make a number of unjustified assumptions about the climate system that can lead to misleading conclusions. We present a flexible family of state-space models capable of…

Applications · Statistics 2018-07-10 Philip G. Sansom , David B. Stephenson , Daniel B. Williamson

Climate models exhibit an approximately invariant surface warming pattern in typical end-of-century projections. This observation has been used extensively in climate impact assessments for fast calculations of local temperature anomalies,…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-11-22 Paolo Giani , Arlene M. Fiore , Glenn Flierl , Raffaele Ferrari , Noelle E. Selin

We present an operations-ready multi-model ensemble weather forecasting system which uses hybrid data-driven weather prediction models coupled with the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ocean model to predict global…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-03-26 Jonathan A. Weyn , Divya Kumar , Jeremy Berman , Najeeb Kazmi , Sylwester Klocek , Pete Luferenko , Kit Thambiratnam

Determining changes in global temperature and precipitation that may indicate climate change is complicated by annual variations. One approach for finding potential climate change indicators is to train a model that predicts the year from…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2022-12-09 Charles Anderson , Jason Stock

Due to the rapidly changing climate, the frequency and severity of extreme weather is expected to increase over the coming decades. As fully-resolved climate simulations remain computationally intractable, policy makers must rely on…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-02-29 Benedikt Barthel Sorensen , Alexis Charalampopoulos , Shixuan Zhang , Bryce Harrop , Ruby Leung , Themistoklis Sapsis

Robust generalization under climate change remains a major challenge for machine learning applications in climate science. Most existing approaches struggle to extrapolate beyond the climate they were trained on, leading to a strong…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Shuchang Liu , Paul A. O'Gorman

Climate predictions are only meaningful if the associated uncertainty is reliably estimated. A standard practice for providing climate projections is to use an ensemble of projections. The ensemble mean serves as the projection while the…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2019-04-16 Ehud Strobach , Golan Bel

Subseasonal forecasting, which is pivotal for agriculture, water resource management, and early warning of disasters, faces challenges due to the chaotic nature of the atmosphere. Recent advances in machine learning (ML) have revolutionized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Shan Zhao , Zhitong Xiong , Xiao Xiang Zhu

This study examines the predictability of artificial intelligence (AI) models for weather prediction. Using a simple deep-learning architecture based on convolutional long short-term memory and the ERA5 data for training, we show that…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-10-07 Chanh Kieu

In situ and remotely sensed observations have potential to facilitate data-driven predictive models for oceanography. A suite of machine learning models, including regression, decision tree and deep learning approaches were developed to…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2020-06-24 Stefan Wolff , Fearghal O'Donncha , Bei Chen

Improving the representation of precipitation in Earth system models (ESMs) is critical for assessing the impacts of climate change and especially of extreme events like floods and droughts. In existing ESMs, precipitation is not resolved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Michael Aich , Sebastian Bathiany , Philipp Hess , Yu Huang , Niklas Boers

Quantifying the impacts of anthropogenic global warming requires accurate Earth system model (ESM) simulations. Statistical bias correction and downscaling can be applied to reduce errors and increase the resolution of ESMs. However,…

Geophysics · Physics 2024-06-24 Philipp Hess , Niklas Boers

Data-driven deep learning models are transforming global weather forecasting. It is an open question if this success can extend to climate modeling, where the complexity of the data and long inference rollouts pose significant challenges.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Salva Rühling Cachay , Brian Henn , Oliver Watt-Meyer , Christopher S. Bretherton , Rose Yu

A data-driven model (DDM) suitable for regional weather forecasting applications is presented. The model extends the Artificial Intelligence Forecasting System by introducing a stretched-grid architecture that dedicates higher resolution…

This study investigates how conditional normalizing flows can be applied to remote sensing data products in climate science for spatio-temporal prediction. The method is chosen due to its desired properties such as exact likelihood…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Christina Winkler , David Rolnick

The advent of data-driven weather forecasting models, which learn from hundreds of terabytes (TB) of reanalysis data, has significantly advanced forecasting capabilities. However, the substantial costs associated with data storage and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Tao Han , Zhenghao Chen , Song Guo , Wanghan Xu , Lei Bai

Machine learning weather models trained on observed atmospheric conditions can outperform conventional physics-based models at short- to medium-range (1-14 day) forecast timescales. Here we take the machine learning weather model ACE2,…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-04-01 Chris Kent , Adam A. Scaife , Nick J. Dunstone , Doug Smith , Steven C. Hardiman , Tom Dunstan , Oliver Watt-Meyer

In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis of extreme temperature patterns using emerging statistical machine learning techniques. Our research focuses on exploring and comparing the effectiveness of various statistical models for…

Applications · Statistics 2023-07-27 Kameron B. Kinast , Ernest Fokoué