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Shared entanglement can significantly amplify classical correlations between systems interacting over a limited quantum channel. A natural avenue is to use entanglement of the same dimension as the channel because this allows for unitary…

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) allows unconditionally secure communication based on the laws of quantum mechanics rather then assumptions about computational hardness. Optimizing the operation parameters of a given QKD implementation is…

Granting information privacy is of crucial importance in our society, notably in fiber communication networks. Quantum cryptography provides a unique means to establish, at remote locations, identical strings of genuine random bits, with a…

A highly attenuated laser pulse which gives a weak coherent state is widely used in quantum key distribution (QKD) experiments. A weak coherent state has multi-photon components, which opens up a security loophole to the sophisticated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-08-12 Xiongfeng Ma

Quantum digital signatures (QDS) exploit quantum laws to guarantee non-repudiation, unforgeability and transferability of messages with information-theoretic security. Current QDS protocols face two major restrictions, including the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-09 Yu-Shuo Lu , Xiao-Yu Cao , Chen-Xun Weng , Jie Gu , Yuan-Mei Xie , Min-Gang Zhou , Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is an emerging cryptographic method designed for secure key sharing. Its security is theoretically guaranteed by fundamental principles of quantum mechanics, making it a leading candidate for future…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-03 Chia-Tso Lai

Semi-quantum private comparison (SQPC) enables two classical users with limited quantum capabilities to compare confidential information using a semi-honest third party (TP) with full quantum power. However, entanglement swapping, as an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-28 Chong-Qiang Ye , Jian Li , Xiu-Bo Chen , Yanyan Hou

Quantum key distribution (QKD) guarantees the secure communication between legitimate parties with quantum mechanics. High-dimensional QKD (HDQKD) not only increases the secret key rate but also tolerates higher quantum bit error rate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-06 Fang-Xiang Wang , Wei Chen , Zhen-Qiang Yin , Shuang Wang , Guang-Can Guo , Zheng-Fu Han

Secret sharing is a procedure for sharing a secret among a number of participants such that only the qualified subsets of participants have the ability to reconstruct the secret. Even in the presence of eavesdropping, secret sharing can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Qin Li , W. H. Chan , Dong-Yang Long

Quantum clock synchronization (QCS) aims to establish a shared temporal reference between distant nodes by exploiting uniquely quantum phenomena such as entanglement, single-photon interference, and quantum correlations. In contrast to…

We propose the use of intra-particle entanglement to enhance the security of a practical implementation of the Bennett-Brassard-1984 (BB84) quantum key distribution scheme. Intra-particle entanglement is an attractive resource since it can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-04-24 S. Adhikari , Dipankar Home , A. S. Majumdar , A. K. Pan , Akshata Shenoy H. , R. Srikanth

The promise of unconditional security in the Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) depends on the availability of an authenticated classical channel. However, practical implementations often overlook this requirement or rely on computational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-04 Noureldin Mohamed , Saif Al-Kuwari

We show a potential eavesdropper can eavesdrop whole secret information when the legitimate users use secure carrier to encode and decode classical information repeatedly in the protocol [proposed in Bagherinezhad S and Karimipour V 2003…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Jie Song , Shou Zhang

In this paper, we develop a quantum key distribution protocol based on the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states (GHZs). The particles are exchanged among the users in blocks through two steps. In this protocol, for three-particle GHZs three…

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) enables Information-Theoretically Secure (ITS) key exchange, robust even against future quantum computing threats. However, a fundamental limitation of QKD is the requirement for an authenticated classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-07 Nicolas Laurent-Puig , Mina Doosti , Adriano Innocenzi , Eleni Diamanti

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) relies on quantum communication to allow distant parties to share a secure cryptographic key. Widespread adoption of QKD in current telecommunication networks will require the development of simple, low cost…

Digital signatures can guarantee the unforgeability and transferability of the message. Different from classical digital signatures, whose security depends on computational complexity, quantum digital signatures (QDS) can provide…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-26 Ji-Qian Qin , Cong Jiang , Yun-Long Yu , Xiang-Bin Wang

In this paper, we investigate a novel $(2,2)$-threshold scheme and then generalize this to a $(n,n)$-threshold scheme for quantum secret sharing (QSS) which makes use of the fundamentals of Analytic Geometry. The dealer aptly selects GHZ…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-04-28 Ruilong Liu

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is rapidly transitioning from cutting-edge laboratory research to real-world deployment in established communication networks. Although QKD promises future-proof security, practical challenges stil exist due…

Quantum State Sharing (QSS) is a protocol by which a (secret) quantum state may be securely split, shared between multiple potentially dishonest players, and reconstructed. Crucially the players are each assumed to be dishonest, and so QSS…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-05 Cailean Wilkinson , Matthew Thornton , Natalia Korolkova