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Constrained Reinforcement Learning (CRL) aims to optimize decision-making policies under constraint conditions, making it highly applicable to safety-critical domains such as autonomous driving, robotics, and power grid management. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Wentao Xu , Zhongming Yao , Weihao Li , Zhenghang Song , Yumeng Song , Tianyi Li , Yushuai Li

In recent years, reinforcement learning (RL) methods have been widely tested using tools like OpenAI Gym, though many tasks in these environments could also benefit from hierarchical planning. However, there is a lack of a tool that enables…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Ngoc La , Ruaridh Mon-Williams , Julie A. Shah

Driven by the algorithmic advancements in reinforcement learning and the increasing number of implementations of human-AI collaboration, Collaborative Reinforcement Learning (CRL) has been receiving growing attention. Despite this recent…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Zhaoxing Li

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has made great achievements since proposed. Generally, DRL agents receive high-dimensional inputs at each step, and make actions according to deep-neural-network-based policies. This learning mechanism…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Kun Shao , Zhentao Tang , Yuanheng Zhu , Nannan Li , Dongbin Zhao

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is an important machine learning paradigm for solving sequential decision-making problems. Recent years have witnessed remarkable progress in this field due to the rapid development of deep neural networks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Chaofan Pan , Xin Yang , Yanhua Li , Wei Wei , Tianrui Li , Bo An , Jiye Liang

Open-ended learning benefits immensely from the use of symbolic methods for goal representation as they offer ways to structure knowledge for efficient and transferable learning. However, the existing Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Mehdi Zadem , Sergio Mover , Sao Mai Nguyen

Reinforcement learning (RL) with tree search has demonstrated superior performance in traditional reasoning tasks. Compared to conventional independent chain sampling strategies with outcome supervision, tree search enables better…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Zhenyu Hou , Ziniu Hu , Yujiang Li , Rui Lu , Jie Tang , Yuxiao Dong

General game testing relies on the use of human play testers, play test scripting, and prior knowledge of areas of interest to produce relevant test data. Using deep reinforcement learning (DRL), we introduce a self-learning mechanism to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Joakim Bergdahl , Camilo Gordillo , Konrad Tollmar , Linus Gisslén

Model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) offers an intuitive way to increase the sample efficiency of model-free RL methods by simultaneously training a world model that learns to predict the future. These models constitute the large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Ashish Sundar , Chunbo Luo , Xiaoyang Wang

Deep reinforcement learning has led to several recent breakthroughs, though the learned policies are often based on black-box neural networks. This makes them difficult to interpret and to impose desired specification constraints during…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-05 Surya Bhupatiraju , Kumar Krishna Agrawal , Rishabh Singh

In-Context Reinforcement Learning (ICRL) enables agents to learn automatically and on-the-fly from their interactive experiences. However, a major challenge in scaling up ICRL is the lack of scalable task collections. To address this, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Fan Wang , Pengtao Shao , Yiming Zhang , Bo Yu , Shaoshan Liu , Ning Ding , Yang Cao , Yu Kang , Haifeng Wang

High-dimensional observations are a major challenge in the application of model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) to real-world environments. To handle high-dimensional sensory inputs, existing approaches use representation learning to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Tung Nguyen , Rui Shu , Tuan Pham , Hung Bui , Stefano Ermon

In this work, we present Transitive Reinforcement Learning (TRL), a new value learning algorithm based on a divide-and-conquer paradigm. TRL is designed for offline goal-conditioned reinforcement learning (GCRL) problems, where the aim is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Seohong Park , Aditya Oberai , Pranav Atreya , Sergey Levine

Reinforcement learning (RL) is one of the most practical ways to learn from real-life use-cases. Motivated from the cognitive methods used by humans makes it a widely acceptable strategy in the field of artificial intelligence. Most of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Abhishek Sawaika , Samuel Yen-Chi Chen , Udaya Parampalli , Rajkumar Buyya

Hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) learns to make decisions on multiple levels of temporal abstraction. A key challenge in HRL is that the low-level policy changes over time, making it difficult for the high-level policy to generate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Vivienne Huiling Wang , Tinghuai Wang , Joni Pajarinen

Offline goal-conditioned reinforcement learning (GCRL) is a promising approach for pretraining generalist policies on large datasets of reward-free trajectories, akin to the self-supervised objectives used to train foundation models for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-05 John L. Zhou , Jonathan C. Kao

Recent advancements in reinforcement learning have made significant impacts across various domains, yet they often struggle in complex multi-agent environments due to issues like algorithm instability, low sampling efficiency, and the…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Cheng Xu , Changtian Zhang , Yuchen Shi , Ran Wang , Shihong Duan , Yadong Wan , Xiaotong Zhang

Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown great effectiveness in quadrotor control, enabling specialized policies to develop even human-champion-level performance in single-task scenarios. However, these specialized policies often struggle with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Jiaxu Xing , Ismail Geles , Yunlong Song , Elie Aljalbout , Davide Scaramuzza

Controller synthesis is a formal method approach for automatically generating Labeled Transition System (LTS) controllers that satisfy specified properties. The efficiency of the synthesis process, however, is critically dependent on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Toshihide Ubukata , Enhong Mu , Takuto Yamauchi , Mingyue Zhang , Jialong Li , Kenji Tei

Humans learn by interacting with their environments and perceiving the outcomes of their actions. A landmark in artificial intelligence has been the development of deep reinforcement learning (dRL) algorithms capable of doing the same in…