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Network traffic classification (NTC) models often suffer severe performance degradation when deployed in real-world environments due to distribution shifts caused by changing network conditions. Existing robustness-enhancing approaches are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Tongze Wang , Xiaohui Xie , Wenduo Wang , Chuyi Wang , Yong Cui

This paper summarizes the challenges identified at the MAMI Management and Measurement Summit (M3S) for network management with the increased deployment of encrypted traffic based on a set of use cases and deployed techniques (for network…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-10-23 Mirja Kühlewind , Brian Trammell , Tobias Bühler , Gorry Fairhurst , Vijay Gurbani

Data-driven methods have been widely used in network intrusion detection (NID) systems. However, there are currently a number of challenges derived from how the datasets are being collected. Most attack classes in network intrusion datasets…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-17 Dylan Chou , Meng Jiang

The overhead of internal network monitoring motivates techniques of network tomography. Network coding (NC) presents a new opportunity for network tomography as NC introduces topology-dependent correlation that can be further exploited in…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2014-03-25 Peng Qin , Bin Dai , Benxiong Huang , Guan Xu , Kui Wu

Internet traffic classification has become more important with rapid growth of current Internet network and online applications. There have been numerous studies on this topic which have led to many different approaches. Most of these…

With the growing significance of network security, the classification of encrypted traffic has emerged as an urgent challenge. Traditional byte-based traffic analysis methods are constrained by the rigid granularity of information and fail…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Haozhen Zhang , Haodong Yue , Xi Xiao , Le Yu , Qing Li , Zhen Ling , Ye Zhang

In many interesting cases, the application of machine learning is hindered by data having a complicated structure stimulated by a structured file-formats like JSONs, XMLs, or ProtoBuffers, which is non-trivial to convert to a vector /…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-02-12 Tomas Pevny , Marek Dedic

Tactics, Techniques and Procedures (TTPs) represent sophisticated attack patterns in the cybersecurity domain, described encyclopedically in textual knowledge bases. Identifying TTPs in cybersecurity writing, often called TTP mapping, is an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Tu Nguyen , Nedim Šrndić , Alexander Neth

In machine learning, one must acquire labels to help supervise a model that will be able to generalize to unseen data. However, the labeling process can be tedious, long, costly, and error-prone. It is often the case that most of our data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Bruno Klaus de Aquino Afonso , Lilian Berton

Machine learning (ML) has become an important paradigm for cyberthreat detection (CTD) in the recent years. A substantial research effort has been invested in the development of specialized algorithms for CTD tasks. From the operational…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Giovanni Apruzzese , Pavel Laskov , Aliya Tastemirova

Cloud applications need network data encryption to isolate from other tenants and protect their data from potential eavesdroppers in the network infrastructure. This paper presents SMT, a protocol design for emerging datacenter transport…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Tianyi Gao , Xinshu Ma , Suhas Narreddy , Eugenio Luo , Steven W. D. Chien , Michio Honda

This paper reports the results of a survey of 1,976 individuals regarding their opinions on TLS inspection, a controversial technique that can be used for both benevolent and malicious purposes. Responses indicate that participants hold…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-06-13 Scott Ruoti , Mark O'Neil , Daniel Zappala , Kent Seamons

Machine Learning (ML)-based malicious traffic detection is a promising security paradigm. It outperforms rule-based traditional detection by identifying various advanced attacks. However, the robustness of these ML models is largely…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Zixuan Liu , Yi Zhao , Zhuotao Liu , Qi Li , Chuanpu Fu , Guangmeng Zhou , Ke Xu

Self-supervised learning (SSL) is an emerging paradigm that exploits supervisory signals generated from the data itself, and many recent studies have leveraged SSL to conduct graph anomaly detection. However, we empirically found that three…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Zhong Li , Yuhang Wang , Matthijs van Leeuwen

Hierarchical Text Categorization (HTC) is becoming increasingly important with the rapidly growing amount of text data available in the World Wide Web. Among the different strategies proposed to cope with HTC, the Local Classifier per Node…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2012-06-05 Nima Hatami , Camelia Chira , Giuliano Armano

The challenge of automatically determining the correctness of test executions is referred to as the test oracle problem and is one of the key remaining issues for automated testing. The goal in this paper is to solve the test oracle problem…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Foivos Tsimpourlas , Ajitha Rajan , Miltiadis Allamanis

Most research using machine learning (ML) for network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) uses well-established datasets such as KDD-CUP99, NSL-KDD, UNSW-NB15, and CICIDS-2017. In this context, the possibilities of machine learning…

Tor is a widely used anonymity network that conceals user identities by routing traffic through encrypted relays, yet it remains vulnerable to traffic correlation attacks that deanonymize users by matching patterns in ingress and egress…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Binghui Wu , Dinil Mon Divakaran , Levente Csikor , Mohan Gurusamy

DDoS attacks are simple, effective, and still pose a significant threat even after more than two decades. Given the recent success in machine learning, it is interesting to investigate how we can leverage deep learning to filter out…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Wesley Joon-Wie Tann , Jackie Tan Jin Wei , Joanna Purba , Ee-Chien Chang

Several cybersecurity domains, such as ransomware detection, forensics and data analysis, require methods to reliably identify encrypted data fragments. Typically, current approaches employ statistics derived from byte-level distribution,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-01 Fabio De Gaspari , Dorjan Hitaj , Giulio Pagnotta , Lorenzo De Carli , Luigi V. Mancini
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