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Stochastic optimization finds a wide range of applications in operations research and management science. However, existing stochastic optimization techniques usually require the information of random samples (e.g., demands in the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-04-18 Xi Chen , Qihang Lin , Zizhuo Wang

In this paper we begin by discussing the simple bilevel programming problem (SBP) and its extension the simple mathematical programming problem under equilibrium constraints (SMPEC). Here we first define both these problems and study their…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-12-16 Stephan Dempe , Nguyen Dinh , Joydeep Dutta , Tanushree Pandit

Bilevel optimization is an important class of optimization problems where one optimization problem is nested within another. While various methods have emerged to address unconstrained general bilevel optimization problems, there has been a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-15 Nazanin Abolfazli , Ruichen Jiang , Aryan Mokhtari , Erfan Yazdandoost Hamedani

Constrained bilevel optimization tackles nested structures present in constrained learning tasks like constrained meta-learning, adversarial learning, and distributed bilevel optimization. However, existing bilevel optimization methods…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-05 Wei Yao , Haian Yin , Shangzhi Zeng , Jin Zhang

In this paper, we consider non-convex multi-block bilevel optimization (MBBO) problems, which involve $m\gg 1$ lower level problems and have important applications in machine learning. Designing a stochastic gradient and controlling its…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-06-05 Quanqi Hu , Zi-Hao Qiu , Zhishuai Guo , Lijun Zhang , Tianbao Yang

This paper investigates simple bilevel optimization problems where we minimize an upper-level objective over the optimal solution set of a convex lower-level objective. Existing methods for such problems either only guarantee asymptotic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-11-05 Pengyu Chen , Xu Shi , Rujun Jiang , Jiulin Wang

Integrated learning and optimization (ILO) is a framework in contextual optimization which aims to train a predictive model for the probability distribution of the underlying problem data uncertainty, with the goal of enhancing the quality…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-26 Yuan Tao , Huifu Xu

Bilevel optimization has emerged as a technique for addressing a wide range of machine learning problems that involve an outer objective implicitly determined by the minimizer of an inner problem. While prior works have primarily focused on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Fares El Khoury , Edouard Pauwels , Samuel Vaiter , Michael Arbel

Recently, bi-level optimization (BLO) has taken center stage in some very exciting developments in the area of signal processing (SP) and machine learning (ML). Roughly speaking, BLO is a classical optimization problem that involves two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Yihua Zhang , Prashant Khanduri , Ioannis Tsaknakis , Yuguang Yao , Mingyi Hong , Sijia Liu

Many challenges in science and engineering, such as drug discovery and communication network design, involve optimizing complex and expensive black-box functions across vast search spaces. Thus, it is essential to leverage existing data to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Juncheng Dong , Zihao Wu , Hamid Jafarkhani , Ali Pezeshki , Vahid Tarokh

We propose constrained causal Bayesian optimization (cCBO), an approach for finding interventions in a known causal graph that optimize a target variable under some constraints. cCBO first reduces the search space by exploiting the graph…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-14 Virginia Aglietti , Alan Malek , Ira Ktena , Silvia Chiappa

Functional bilevel optimization (FBO) provides a powerful framework for hierarchical learning in function spaces, yet current methods are limited to static offline settings and perform suboptimally in online, non-stationary scenarios. We…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-23 Jason Bohne , Ieva Petrulionyte , Michael Arbel , Julien Mairal , Paweł Polak

Bilevel optimization, the problem of minimizing a value function which involves the arg-minimum of another function, appears in many areas of machine learning. In a large scale empirical risk minimization setting where the number of samples…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-03 Mathieu Dagréou , Pierre Ablin , Samuel Vaiter , Thomas Moreau

Bilevel optimization problems are receiving increasing attention in machine learning as they provide a natural framework for hyperparameter optimization and meta-learning. A key step to tackle these problems is the efficient computation of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-20 Riccardo Grazzi , Massimiliano Pontil , Saverio Salzo

We consider the standard optimistic bilevel optimization problem, in particular upper- and lower-level constraints can be coupled. By means of the lower-level value function, the problem is transformed into a single-level optimization…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-12-17 Andreas Fischer , Alain B. Zemkoho , Shenglong Zhou

In this paper, we propose consensus-based optimization for saddle point problems (CBO-SP), a novel multi-particle metaheuristic derivative-free optimization method capable of provably finding global Nash equilibria. Following the idea of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-08-05 Hui Huang , Jinniao Qiu , Konstantin Riedl

Optimization is becoming increasingly common in scientific and engineering domains. Oftentimes, these problems involve various levels of stochasticity or uncertainty in generating proposed solutions. Therefore, optimization in these…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-05 Peter D. Tonner , Daniel V. Samarov , A. Gilad Kusne

In this paper, we study a class of bilevel optimization problems, also known as simple bilevel optimization, where we minimize a smooth objective function over the optimal solution set of another convex constrained optimization problem.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-04-25 Ruichen Jiang , Nazanin Abolfazli , Aryan Mokhtari , Erfan Yazdandoost Hamedani

In this work, we develop analysis and algorithms for a class of (stochastic) bilevel optimization problems whose lower-level (LL) problem is strongly convex and linearly constrained. Most existing approaches for solving such problems rely…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-08 Prashant Khanduri , Ioannis Tsaknakis , Yihua Zhang , Sijia Liu , Mingyi Hong

Bilevel optimization is an important formulation for many machine learning problems. Current bilevel optimization algorithms assume that the gradient of the upper-level function is Lipschitz. However, recent studies reveal that certain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Jie Hao , Xiaochuan Gong , Mingrui Liu