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Text-to-image generation systems have emerged as revolutionary tools in the realm of artistic creation, offering unprecedented ease in transforming textual prompts into visual art. However, the efficacy of these systems is intricately…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Jingtao Zhan , Qingyao Ai , Yiqun Liu , Jia Chen , Shaoping Ma

Recent advancements underscore the significant role of Reinforcement Learning (RL) in enhancing the Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Two prominent RL algorithms, Direct Preference Optimization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Chengzhuo Tong , Ziyu Guo , Renrui Zhang , Wenyu Shan , Xinyu Wei , Zhenghao Xing , Hongsheng Li , Pheng-Ann Heng

Prompt engineering is an effective but labor-intensive way to control text-to-image (T2I) generative models. Its time-intensive nature and complexity have spurred the development of algorithms for automated prompt generation. However, these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Yutong He , Alexander Robey , Naoki Murata , Yiding Jiang , Joshua Nathaniel Williams , George J. Pappas , Hamed Hassani , Yuki Mitsufuji , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , J. Zico Kolter

Neural language models are increasingly deployed into APIs and websites that allow a user to pass in a prompt and receive generated text. Many of these systems do not reveal generation parameters. In this paper, we present methods to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Daphne Ippolito , Nicholas Carlini , Katherine Lee , Milad Nasr , Yun William Yu

Text-conditioned image editing has emerged as a powerful tool for editing images. However, in many situations, language can be ambiguous and ineffective in describing specific image edits. When faced with such challenges, visual prompts can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Thao Nguyen , Yuheng Li , Utkarsh Ojha , Yong Jae Lee

With the rapid progress of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), unified MLLMs that jointly perform image understanding and generation have advanced significantly. However, despite the inherent reasoning capabilities of unified MLLMs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yongjin Kim , Yoonjin Oh , Yerin Kim , Hyomin Kim , Jeeyoung Yun , Yujung Heo , Minjun Kim , Sungwoong Kim

The recent advancements in Generative AI have significantly advanced the field of text-to-image generation. The state-of-the-art text-to-image model, Stable Diffusion, is now capable of synthesizing high-quality images with a strong sense…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Zhijie Wang , Yuheng Huang , Da Song , Lei Ma , Tianyi Zhang

Image restoration aims to reconstruct degraded images, e.g., denoising or deblurring. Existing works focus on designing task-specific methods and there are inadequate attempts at universal methods. However, simply unifying multiple tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-26 Jiaqi Ma , Tianheng Cheng , Guoli Wang , Qian Zhang , Xinggang Wang , Lefei Zhang

Conditional generative models such as DALL-E and Stable Diffusion generate images based on a user-defined text, the prompt. Finding and refining prompts that produce a desired image has become the art of prompt engineering. Generative…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Niklas Deckers , Maik Fröbe , Johannes Kiesel , Gianluca Pandolfo , Christopher Schröder , Benno Stein , Martin Potthast

Despite recent advances in text-to-image (T2I) models, they often fail to faithfully render all elements of complex prompts, frequently omitting or misrepresenting specific objects and attributes. Test-time optimization has emerged as a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Mohammad Hossein Sameti , Amir M. Mansourian , Arash Marioriyad , Soheil Fadaee Oshyani , Mohammad Hossein Rohban , Mahdieh Soleymani Baghshah

An increasing number of NLP applications interact with large language models (LLMs) through black-box APIs, making prompt engineering critical for controlling model outputs. While recent Automatic Prompt Optimization (APO) methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 MohammadReza Davari , Utkarsh Garg , Weixin Cai , Eugene Belilovsky

Modern text-to-image generation systems have enabled the creation of remarkably realistic and high-quality visuals, yet they often falter when handling the inherent ambiguities in user prompts. In this work, we present Twin-Co, a framework…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Jianhui Wang , Yangfan He , Yan Zhong , Xinyuan Song , Jiayi Su , Yuheng Feng , Ruoyu Wang , Hongyang He , Wenyu Zhu , Xinhang Yuan , Miao Zhang , Keqin Li , Jiaqi Chen , Tianyu Shi , Xueqian Wang

While modern text-to-image (T2I) models excel at generating images from intricate prompts, they struggle to capture the key details when the inputs are descriptive paragraphs. This limitation stems from the prevalence of concise captions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jen-Yuan Huang , Tong Lin , Yilun Du

Recent advances in text-guided image compression have shown great potential to enhance the perceptual quality of reconstructed images. These methods, however, tend to have significantly degraded pixel-wise fidelity, limiting their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Hagyeong Lee , Minkyu Kim , Jun-Hyuk Kim , Seungeon Kim , Dokwan Oh , Jaeho Lee

Pre-trained large text-to-image models synthesize impressive images with an appropriate use of text prompts. However, ambiguities inherent in natural language and out-of-distribution effects make it hard to synthesize image styles, that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Kihyuk Sohn , Nataniel Ruiz , Kimin Lee , Daniel Castro Chin , Irina Blok , Huiwen Chang , Jarred Barber , Lu Jiang , Glenn Entis , Yuanzhen Li , Yuan Hao , Irfan Essa , Michael Rubinstein , Dilip Krishnan

Pre-trained vision-language models like CLIP have remarkably adapted to various downstream tasks. Nonetheless, their performance heavily depends on the specificity of the input text prompts, which requires skillful prompt template…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Yingjun Du , Wenfang Sun , Cees G. M. Snoek

The ability to collect a large dataset of human preferences from text-to-image users is usually limited to companies, making such datasets inaccessible to the public. To address this issue, we create a web app that enables text-to-image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Yuval Kirstain , Adam Polyak , Uriel Singer , Shahbuland Matiana , Joe Penna , Omer Levy

Text-to-Image (T2I) models have made significant advancements in recent years, but they still struggle to accurately capture intricate details specified in complex compositional prompts. While fine-tuning T2I models with reward objectives…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Luca Eyring , Shyamgopal Karthik , Karsten Roth , Alexey Dosovitskiy , Zeynep Akata

We propose a new method for solving imaging inverse problems using text-to-image latent diffusion models as general priors. Existing methods using latent diffusion models for inverse problems typically rely on simple null text prompts,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Hyungjin Chung , Jong Chul Ye , Peyman Milanfar , Mauricio Delbracio

We develop an approach for text-to-image generation that embraces additional retrieval images, driven by a combination of implicit visual guidance loss and generative objectives. Unlike most existing text-to-image generation methods which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-19 Xin Yuan , Zhe Lin , Jason Kuen , Jianming Zhang , John Collomosse