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This study evaluates the capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision Language Models (VLMs) in the task of single-label classification of Christian Iconography. The goal was to assess whether general-purpose VLMs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Gianmarco Spinaci , Lukas Klic , Giovanni Colavizza

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) excel at complex visual tasks such as VQA and chart understanding, yet recent work suggests they struggle with simple perceptual tests. We present an evaluation of vision-language models' capacity for nonlocal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Shmuel Berman , Jia Deng

Existing video benchmarks often resemble image-based benchmarks, with question types like "What actions does the person perform throughout the video?" or "What color is the woman's dress in the video?" For these, models can often answer by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Yiyang Zhou , Linjie Li , Shi Qiu , Zhengyuan Yang , Yuyang Zhao , Siwei Han , Yangfan He , Kangqi Li , Haonian Ji , Zihao Zhao , Haibo Tong , Lijuan Wang , Huaxiu Yao

The surge of interest towards Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs), e.g., GPT-4V(ision) from OpenAI, has marked a significant trend in both academia and industry. They endow Large Language Models (LLMs) with powerful capabilities in…

Despite progress on general tasks, vision-language models (VLMs) still struggle with challenges that demand both fine-grained visual grounding and external knowledge, a synergy overlooked by existing benchmarks that evaluate these abilities…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Yifan Jiang , Cong Zhang , Bofei Zhang , Qiaofeng Zheng , Yifan Yang , Bingzhang Wang , Yew-Soon Ong

While humans develop core visual skills long before acquiring language, contemporary Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) still rely heavily on linguistic priors to compensate for their fragile visual understanding. We uncovered a crucial fact:…

Understanding multi-image, multi-turn scenarios is a critical yet underexplored capability for Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs). Existing benchmarks predominantly focus on static or horizontal comparisons -- e.g., spotting visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Wenbo Lyu , Yingjun Du , Jinglin Zhao , Xianton Zhen , Ling Shao

The rapid advancement of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has enabled browsing agents to acquire and reason over multimodal information in the real world. But existing benchmarks suffer from two limitations: insufficient evaluation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Zhengbo Zhang , Jinbo Su , Zhaowen Zhou , Changtao Miao , Yuhan Hong , Qimeng Wu , Yumeng Liu , Feier Wu , Yihe Tian , Yuhao Liang , Zitong Shan , Wanke Xia , Yi-Fan Zhang , Bo Zhang , Zhe Li , Shiming Xiang , Ying Yan

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) exhibit impressive problem-solving skills in many tasks and domains, but their ability in mathematical reasoning in visual contexts has not been systematically studied. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Pan Lu , Hritik Bansal , Tony Xia , Jiacheng Liu , Chunyuan Li , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Hao Cheng , Kai-Wei Chang , Michel Galley , Jianfeng Gao

This paper introduces the novel task of multimodal puzzle solving, framed within the context of visual question-answering. We present a new dataset, AlgoPuzzleVQA designed to challenge and evaluate the capabilities of multimodal language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Deepanway Ghosal , Vernon Toh Yan Han , Chia Yew Ken , Soujanya Poria

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved significant advances in integrating visual and linguistic information, yet their ability to reason about complex and real-world scenarios remains limited. The existing benchmarks are…

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in complex multimodal tasks. However, these models still suffer from hallucinations, particularly when required to implicitly recognize or infer diverse visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Ashish Seth , Dinesh Manocha , Chirag Agarwal

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) show reasoning promise, yet their visual perception is a critical bottleneck. Strikingly, MLLMs can produce correct answers even while misinterpreting crucial visual elements, masking these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Aditya Kanade , Tanuja Ganu

The ability to compare objects, scenes, or situations is crucial for effective decision-making and problem-solving in everyday life. For instance, comparing the freshness of apples enables better choices during grocery shopping while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Jihyung Kil , Zheda Mai , Justin Lee , Zihe Wang , Kerrie Cheng , Lemeng Wang , Ye Liu , Arpita Chowdhury , Wei-Lun Chao

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have become a powerful tool for integrating visual and textual information. Despite their exceptional performance on visual understanding benchmarks, measuring their ability to reason abstractly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Nilay Yilmaz , Maitreya Patel , Yiran Lawrence Luo , Tejas Gokhale , Chitta Baral , Suren Jayasuriya , Yezhou Yang

Multimodal scientific reasoning remains a significant challenge for large language models (LLMs), particularly in chemistry, where problem-solving relies on symbolic diagrams, molecular structures, and structured visual data. Here, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Yiming Cui , Xin Yao , Yuxuan Qin , Xin Li , Shijin Wang , Guoping Hu

Puzzles have long served as compact and revealing probes of human cognition, isolating abstraction, rule discovery, and systematic reasoning with minimal reliance on prior knowledge. Leveraging these properties, visual puzzles have recently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Maria Lymperaiou , Vasileios Karampinis , Giorgos Filandrianos , Angelos Vlachos , Chrysoula Zerva , Athanasios Voulodimos

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved significant advancements in tasks like Visual Question Answering (VQA) by leveraging foundational Large Language Models (LLMs). However, their abilities in specific areas such as visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Mohamed Fazli Imam , Chenyang Lyu , Alham Fikri Aji

We introduce CompareBench, a benchmark for evaluating visual comparison reasoning in vision-language models (VLMs), a fundamental yet understudied skill. CompareBench consists of 1000 QA pairs across four tasks: quantity (600), temporal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Jie Cai , Kangning Yang , Lan Fu , Jiaming Ding , Jinlong Li , Huiming Sun , Daitao Xing , Jinglin Shen , Zibo Meng

Recent progress in Vision Language Models (VLMs) has raised the question of whether they can reliably perform nonverbal reasoning. To this end, we introduce VRIQ (Visual Reasoning IQ), a novel benchmark designed to assess and analyze the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Tina Khezresmaeilzadeh , Jike Zhong , Konstantinos Psounis