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This paper derives several novel tests to improve on the t-test for testing AR(1) coefficients of panel time series, i.e., of multiple time series, when each has a small number of observations. These tests can determine the acceptance or…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-09-23 Yu-Pin Hu , J. T. Gene Hwang

We study experimentally and theoretically the optimal mean time needed by a free diffusing Brownian particle to reach a target at a distance L from an initial position in the presence of resetting. Both the initial position and the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-08-05 Benjamin Besga , Alfred Bovon , Artyom Petrosyan , Satya N. Majumdar , Sergio Ciliberto

In multiple testing scenarios, typically the sign of a parameter is inferred when its estimate exceeds some significance threshold in absolute value. Typically, the significance threshold is chosen to control the experimentwise type I error…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-01-03 Chaoyu Yu , Peter D. Hoff

The use of Bayesian adaptive designs for randomised controlled trials has been hindered by the lack of software readily available to statisticians. We have developed a new software package (Bayesian Adaptive Trials Simulator Software -…

This study investigates the contextual best arm identification (BAI) problem, aiming to design an adaptive experiment to identify the best treatment arm conditioned on contextual information (covariates). We consider a decision-maker who…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Masahiro Kato , Kyohei Okumura , Takuya Ishihara , Toru Kitagawa

We consider conditional estimation in two-stage sample size adjustable designs and the following bias. More specifically, we consider a design which permits raising the sample size when interim results look rather promising, and, which…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-08-27 Per Broberg , Frank Miller

Many phase II clinical trials have used survival outcomes as the primary endpoints in recent decades. Suppose the radiotherapy is evaluated in a phase II trial using survival outcomes. In that case, the competing risk issue often arises…

Applications · Statistics 2022-03-15 Jina Park , Wenjing Hu , Ick Hoon Jin , Hao Liu , Yong Zang

Bayesian optimal experimental design (BOED) is a principled framework for making efficient use of limited experimental resources. Unfortunately, its applicability is hampered by the difficulty of obtaining accurate estimates of the expected…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-01-15 Adam Foster , Martin Jankowiak , Eli Bingham , Paul Horsfall , Yee Whye Teh , Tom Rainforth , Noah Goodman

The first-order binomial autoregressive (BAR(1)) model is the most frequently used tool to analyze the bounded count time series. The BAR(1) model is stationary and assumes process parameters to remain constant throughout the time period,…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-04-23 Danshu Sheng , Chang Liu , Yao Kang

It is crucial to design Phase II cancer clinical trials that balance the efficiency of treatment selection with clinical practicality. Sargent and Goldberg proposed a frequentist design that allow decision-making even when the primary…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-15 Moka Komaki , Satoru Shinoda , Haiyan Zheng , Kouji Yamamoto

Adaptive enrichment allows for pre-defined patient subgroups of interest to be investigated throughout the course of a clinical trial. Many trials which measure a long-term time-to-event endpoint often also routinely collect repeated…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-26 Abigail J. Burdon , Richard D. Baird , Thomas Jaki

Background. The DURATIONS design has been recently proposed as a practical alternative to a standard two-arm non-inferiority design when the goal is to optimise some continuous aspect of treatment administration, e.g. duration or frequency,…

Applications · Statistics 2023-04-20 Matteo Quartagno , Ehsan Ghorani , Tim P Morris , Michael J Seckl , Mahesh KB Parmar

The determination of the sample size required by a crossover trial typically depends on the specification of one or more variance components. Uncertainty about the value of these parameters at the design stage means that there is often a…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-03-28 Michael Grayling , Adrian Mander , James Wason

Given n experiment subjects with potentially heterogeneous covariates and two possible treatments, namely active treatment and control, this paper addresses the fundamental question of determining the optimal accuracy in estimating the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-11-13 Jiachun Li , David Simchi-Levi , Yunxiao Zhao

Regulatory authorities guide the use of permutation tests or randomization tests so as not to increase the type-I error rate when applying covariate-adaptive randomization in randomized clinical trials. For non-inferiority and equivalence…

Applications · Statistics 2023-12-27 Masahiro Kojima , Hirotaka Mano , Kana Yamada , Keisuke Hanada , Yuji Tanaka , Junji Moriya

When planning a clinical trial for a time-to-event endpoint, we require an estimated effect size and need to consider the type of effect. Usually, an effect of proportional hazards is assumed with the hazard ratio as the corresponding…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-02 Moritz Fabian Danzer , Ina Dormuth

We propose the covariate-balanced-and-adjusted response-adaptive randomization (CBARA) procedure for adaptive design in clinical trials, which integrates the complementary strengths of covariate-adjusted response-adaptive randomization…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-08 Hengjia Fang , Wei Ma

In recent years, real-world external controls have grown in popularity as a tool to empower randomized placebo-controlled trials, particularly in rare diseases or cases where balanced randomization is unethical or impractical. However, as…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-14 Chenyin Gao , Shu Yang , Mingyang Shan , Wenyu Ye , Ilya Lipkovich , Douglas Faries

Interval censoring occurs when event times are only known to fall between scheduled assessments, a common design in clinical trials, epidemiology, and reliability studies. Standard right-censoring methods, such as Kaplan-Meier and Cox…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-04 J. T. Korley

Randomized experiments are considered the gold standard for estimating causal effects. However, out of the set of possible randomized assignments, some may be likely to produce poor effect estimates and misleading conclusions. Restricted…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-28 Maggie Wang , René F. Kizilcec , Michael Baiocchi