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Graph Retrieval Augmented Generation (GraphRAG) has garnered increasing recognition for its potential to enhance large language models (LLMs) by structurally organizing domain-specific corpora and facilitating complex reasoning. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Yilin Xiao , Junnan Dong , Chuang Zhou , Su Dong , Qian-wen Zhang , Di Yin , Xing Sun , Xiao Huang

We introduce FloorplanQA, a diagnostic benchmark for evaluating spatial reasoning in large language models (LLMs). FloorplanQA is grounded in structured representations of indoor scenes, such as (e.g., kitchens, living rooms, bedrooms,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Fedor Rodionov , Abdelrahman Eldesokey , Michael Birsak , John Femiani , Bernard Ghanem , Peter Wonka

Chart reasoning presents unique challenges due to its inherent complexity -- requiring precise numerical comprehension, multi-level visual understanding, and logical inference across interconnected data elements. Existing vision-language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Lei Chen , Xuanle Zhao , Zhixiong Zeng , Jing Huang , Yufeng Zhong , Lin Ma

There is vivid research on adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) to perform a variety of tasks in high-stakes domains such as healthcare. Despite their popularity, there is a lack of understanding of the extent and contributing factors that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Anand Subramanian , Viktor Schlegel , Abhinav Ramesh Kashyap , Thanh-Tung Nguyen , Vijay Prakash Dwivedi , Stefan Winkler

Generalization and robustness to input variation are core desiderata of machine learning research. Language varies along several axes, most importantly, language instance (e.g. French) and domain (e.g. news). While adapting NLP models to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Leon Engländer , Hannah Sterz , Clifton Poth , Jonas Pfeiffer , Ilia Kuznetsov , Iryna Gurevych

General-purpose large language models (LLMs), despite their broad capabilities, often struggle with specialized domain knowledge. This gap hinders their deployment as reliable research agents in demanding fields such as astronomy. Building…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-23 Tijmen de Haan , Yuan-Sen Ting , Tirthankar Ghosal , Tuan Dung Nguyen , Alberto Accomazzi , Emily Herron , Vanessa Lama , Rui Pan , Azton Wells , Nesar Ramachandra

Recent advancements in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have significantly enhanced their ability to integrate visual and linguistic information, achieving near-human proficiency in tasks like object recognition, captioning, and visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Zhikai Wang , Jiashuo Sun , Wenqi Zhang , Zhiqiang Hu , Xin Li , Fan Wang , Deli Zhao

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown remarkable versatility but face challenges in demonstrating true visual understanding, particularly in chart reasoning tasks. Existing benchmarks like ChartQA reveal significant reliance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Yuyang Ji , Haohan Wang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to cybersecurity question answering (QA) for critical tasks such as incident response and vulnerability analysis. However, real-world operational contexts, including system logs and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Matilda Gaddi , Jin Noh , Onat Gungor , Tajana Rosing

Domain-specific quantitative reasoning remains a major challenge for large language models (LLMs), especially in fields requiring expert knowledge and complex question answering (QA). In this work, we propose Expert Question Decomposition…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Mengyu Wang , Sotirios Sabanis , Miguel de Carvalho , Shay B. Cohen , Tiejun Ma

Humans apprehend the world through various sensory modalities, yet language is their predominant communication channel. Machine learning systems need to draw on the same multimodal richness to have informed discourses with humans in natural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-25 Min Wang , Ata Mahjoubfar , Anupama Joshi

Domain knowledge refers to the in-depth understanding, expertise, and familiarity with a specific subject, industry, field, or area of special interest. The existing benchmarks are all lack of an overall design for domain knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-11 Zhouhong Gu , Xiaoxuan Zhu , Haoning Ye , Lin Zhang , Zhuozhi Xiong , Zihan Li , Qianyu He , Sihang Jiang , Hongwei Feng , Yanghua Xiao

Charts are ubiquitous in scientific and financial literature for presenting structured data. However, chart reasoning remains challenging for multimodal large language models (MLLMs) due to the lack of high-quality training data, as well as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Situo Zhang , Yifan Zhang , Zichen Zhu , Da Ma , Lei Pan , Danyang Zhang , Zihan Zhao , Lu Chen , Kai Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance in question answering (QA) tasks. However, Multi-Answer Question Answering (MAQA), where a question may have several valid answers, remains challenging. Traditional QA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Eviatar Nachshoni , Arie Cattan , Shmuel Amar , Ori Shapira , Ido Dagan

Recently, significant efforts have been devoted to enhancing the long-context capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly in long-context reasoning. To facilitate this research, we propose \textbf{DetectiveQA}, a dataset…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Zhe Xu , Jiasheng Ye , Xiaoran Liu , Xiangyang Liu , Tianxiang Sun , Zhigeng Liu , Qipeng Guo , Linlin Li , Qun Liu , Xuanjing Huang , Xipeng Qiu

Semantic parsing methods for converting text to SQL queries enable question answering over structured data and can greatly benefit analysts who routinely perform complex analytics on vast data stored in specialized relational databases.…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Mounica Maddela , Lingjue Xie , Daniel Preotiuc-Pietro , Mausam

In this paper, we introduce and apply Operations Research Question Answering (ORQA), a new benchmark designed to assess the generalization capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the specialized technical domain of Operations…

The rapid progress of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has unlocked the potential for enhanced 3D scene understanding and spatial reasoning. A recent line of work explores learning spatial reasoning directly from multi-view images,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Kanghee Lee , Injae Lee , Minseok Kwak , Jungi Hong , Kwonyoung Ryu , Jaesik Park

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) and medical LLMs (Med-LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on general medical benchmarks. However, their capabilities in specialized medical fields, such as dentistry which require…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Hengchuan Zhu , Yihuan Xu , Yichen Li , Zijie Meng , Zuozhu Liu

Knowledge graph question answering (KGQA) is a well-established field that seeks to provide factual answers to natural language (NL) questions by leveraging knowledge graphs (KGs). However, existing KGQA datasets suffer from two significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Willis Guo , Armin Toroghi , Scott Sanner