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Large language models are typically aligned with human preferences by optimizing $\textit{reward models}$ (RMs) fitted to human feedback. However, human preferences are multi-faceted, and it is increasingly common to derive reward from a…

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has recently surged in popularity, particularly for aligning large language models and other AI systems with human intentions. At its core, RLHF can be viewed as a specialized instance of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Yujie Zhao , Jose Efraim Aguilar Escamill , Weyl Lu , Huazheng Wang

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is crucial for aligning large language models with human preferences. While recent research has focused on algorithmic improvements, the importance of prompt-data construction has been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Wei Shen , Guanlin Liu , Zheng Wu , Ruofei Zhu , Qingping Yang , Chao Xin , Yu Yue , Lin Yan

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has shown promise in aligning large language models (LLMs). Yet its reliance on a singular reward model often overlooks the diversity of human preferences. Recent approaches address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Tianze Wang , Dongnan Gui , Yifan Hu , Shuhang Lin , Linjun Zhang

Aligning the behavior of Large language models (LLMs) with human intentions and values remains a critical challenge. Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) aligns LLMs by training a reward model (RM) on human preferences and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Jiayi Zhou , Jiaming Ji , Juntao Dai , Dong Li , Yaodong Yang

We primarily focus on the field of large language models (LLMs) for recommendation, which has been actively explored recently and poses a significant challenge in effectively enhancing recommender systems with logical reasoning abilities…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Jiachen Zhu , Jianghao Lin , Xinyi Dai , Bo Chen , Rong Shan , Jieming Zhu , Ruiming Tang , Yong Yu , Weinan Zhang

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) is a widely used method for aligning large language models with human preferences. However, RLHF often suffers from reward model overoptimisation, in which models overfit to the reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Lorenz Wolf , Robert Kirk , Mirco Musolesi

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as a widely used technique for adapting large language models (LLMs) to new domains, due to its modular design and broad availability on platforms such as HuggingFace. This availability has motivated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Ziyi Han , Huanyu Wang , Zeyu Zhang , Xiangxiang Dai , Xutong Liu , John C. S. Lui

Reinforcement Learning from Human feedback (RLHF) has become a powerful tool to fine-tune or train agentic machine learning models. Similar to how humans interact in social contexts, we can use many types of feedback to communicate our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Yannick Metz , David Lindner , Raphaël Baur , Mennatallah El-Assady

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is the standard for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs), yet recent progress has moved beyond canonical text-based methods. This survey synthesizes the new frontier of alignment research…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Raghav Sharma , Manan Mehta , Sai Tiger Raina

This paper addresses the challenge of aligning large language models (LLMs) with diverse human preferences within federated learning (FL) environments, where standard methods often fail to adequately represent diverse viewpoints. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Mahmoud Srewa , Tianyu Zhao , Salma Elmalaki

During the last stage of RLHF, a large language model is aligned to human intents via PPO training, a process that generally requires large-scale computational resources. In this technical report, we empirically investigate an efficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Simeng Sun , Dhawal Gupta , Mohit Iyyer

Fine-tuning pre-trained large language models in a parameter-efficient manner is widely studied for its effectiveness and efficiency. LoRA is one of the most widely used methods, which assumes that the optimization process is essentially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Changqun Li , Chaofan Ding , Kexin Luan , Xinhan Di

To design rewards that align with human goals, Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has emerged as a prominent technique for learning reward functions from human preferences and optimizing policies via reinforcement learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Taehyun Cho , Seokhun Ju , Seungyub Han , Dohyeong Kim , Kyungjae Lee , Jungwoo Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed both everyday life and scientific research. However, adapting LLMs from general-purpose models to specialized tasks remains challenging, particularly in resource-constrained environments.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Hao Zhang , Bo Huang , Zhenjia Li , Xi Xiao , Hui Yi Leong , Zumeng Zhang , Xinwei Long , Tianyang Wang , Hao Xu

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) is a natural method for finetuning in communication-constrained machine learning settings such as cross-device federated learning. Prior work that has studied LoRA in the context of federated learning has focused…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Kevin Kuo , Arian Raje , Kousik Rajesh , Virginia Smith

An important paradigm of natural language processing consists of large-scale pre-training on general domain data and adaptation to particular tasks or domains. As we pre-train larger models, full fine-tuning, which retrains all model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Edward J. Hu , Yelong Shen , Phillip Wallis , Zeyuan Allen-Zhu , Yuanzhi Li , Shean Wang , Lu Wang , Weizhu Chen

As Large Language Models (LLMs) continue to progress toward more advanced forms of intelligence, Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is increasingly seen as a key pathway toward achieving Artificial General Intelligence (AGI).…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Yuzi Yan , Xingzhou Lou , Jialian Li , Yiping Zhang , Jian Xie , Chao Yu , Yu Wang , Dong Yan , Yuan Shen

Great success has been reported using Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) to align large language models, with open preference datasets enabling wider experimentation, particularly for "helpfulness" in tasks like dialogue and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Prasann Singhal , Tanya Goyal , Jiacheng Xu , Greg Durrett

Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF) has revolutionized language modeling by aligning models with human preferences. However, the RL stage, Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO), requires over 3x the memory of Supervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Michael Santacroce , Yadong Lu , Han Yu , Yuanzhi Li , Yelong Shen
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