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Popularized by the Differentiable Search Index, the emerging paradigm of generative retrieval re-frames the classic information retrieval problem into a sequence-to-sequence modeling task, forgoing external indices and encoding an entire…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Ronak Pradeep , Kai Hui , Jai Gupta , Adam D. Lelkes , Honglei Zhuang , Jimmy Lin , Donald Metzler , Vinh Q. Tran

Large language models (LLMs) encapsulate a vast amount of factual information within their pre-trained weights, as evidenced by their ability to answer diverse questions across different domains. However, this knowledge is inherently…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Oded Ovadia , Menachem Brief , Moshik Mishaeli , Oren Elisha

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) and generative AI is fundamentally transforming information retrieval and processing on the Internet, bringing both great potential and significant concerns regarding content authenticity and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Michele Garetto , Alessandro Cornacchia , Franco Galante , Emilio Leonardi , Alessandro Nordio , Alberto Tarable

Iterative retrieval refers to the process in which the model continuously queries the retriever during generation to enhance the relevance of the retrieved knowledge, thereby improving the performance of Retrieval-Augmented Generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Tian Yu , Shaolei Zhang , Yang Feng

The Retrieval-Augmented Language Model (RALM) has shown remarkable performance on knowledge-intensive tasks by incorporating external knowledge during inference, which mitigates the factual hallucinations inherited in large language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Yuan Xia , Jingbo Zhou , Zhenhui Shi , Jun Chen , Haifeng Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have attracted extensive attention due to their remarkable performance across various tasks. However, the substantial computational and memory requirements of LLM inference pose challenges for deployment in…

Retrieval-augmented generation improves large language models by grounding outputs in external knowledge sources, reducing hallucinations and addressing knowledge cutoffs. However, standard embedding-based retrieval fails to capture the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Markus Ekvall , Ludvig Bergenstråhle , Patrick Truong , Ben Murrell , Joakim Lundeberg

Verifiers or reward models are often used to enhance the reasoning performance of large language models (LLMs). A common approach is the Best-of-N method, where N candidate solutions generated by the LLM are ranked by a verifier, and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Lunjun Zhang , Arian Hosseini , Hritik Bansal , Mehran Kazemi , Aviral Kumar , Rishabh Agarwal

In-Context Learning (ICL) enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to perform new tasks by conditioning on prompts with relevant information. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances ICL by incorporating retrieved documents into the LLM's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Marie Al Ghossein , Emile Contal , Alexandre Robicquet

As scaling laws push the training of frontier large language models (LLMs) toward ever-growing data requirements, training pipelines are approaching a regime where much of the publicly available online text may be consumed. At the same…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Giorgio Racca , Michal Valko , Amartya Sanyal

Can we leverage LLMs to model the process of discovering novel language model (LM) architectures? Inspired by real research, we propose a multi-agent LLM approach that simulates the conventional stages of research, from ideation and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Junyan Cheng , Peter Clark , Kyle Richardson

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) empowers large language models (LLMs) to utilize external knowledge sources. The increasing capacity of LLMs to process longer input sequences opens up avenues for providing more retrieved information,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Bowen Jin , Jinsung Yoon , Jiawei Han , Sercan O. Arik

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive progress in natural language processing, but their limited ability to retain long-term context constrains performance on document-level or multi-turn tasks. Retrieval-Augmented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Zhangyu Wang , Siyuan Gao , Rong Zhou , Hao Wang , Li Ning

Building upon our previous investigations of O1 replication (Part 1: Journey Learning [Qin et al., 2024] and Part 2: Distillation [Huang et al., 2024]), this work explores the potential of inference-time scaling in large language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Zhongzhen Huang , Gui Geng , Shengyi Hua , Zhen Huang , Haoyang Zou , Shaoting Zhang , Pengfei Liu , Xiaofan Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful but prone to hallucinations due to static knowledge. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) helps by injecting external information, but current methods often are costly, generalize poorly, or ignore…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Huatong Song , Jinhao Jiang , Wenqing Tian , Zhipeng Chen , Yuhuan Wu , Jiahao Zhao , Yingqian Min , Wayne Xin Zhao , Lei Fang , Ji-Rong Wen

The use of large language models (LLMs) is becoming increasingly widespread among software developers. However, privacy and computational requirements are problematic with commercial solutions and the use of LLMs. In this work, we focus on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Marko Hostnik , Marko Robnik-Šikonja

Recently, test-time scaling has garnered significant attention from the research community, largely due to the substantial advancements of the o1 model released by OpenAI. By allocating more computational resources during the inference…

Query rewriting is pivotal for enhancing dense retrieval, yet current methods demand large-scale supervised data or suffer from inefficient reinforcement learning (RL) exploration. In this work, we first establish that guiding Large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Teng Wang , Hailei Gong , Changwang Zhang , Jun Wang

While scaling training compute has led to remarkable improvements in large language models (LLMs), scaling inference compute has not yet yielded analogous gains. We hypothesize that a core missing component is a lack of diverse LLM outputs,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Evan Wang , Federico Cassano , Catherine Wu , Yunfeng Bai , Will Song , Vaskar Nath , Ziwen Han , Sean Hendryx , Summer Yue , Hugh Zhang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as an approach to augment large language models (LLMs) by reducing their reliance on static knowledge and improving answer factuality. RAG retrieves relevant context snippets and generates an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Juraj Vladika , Florian Matthes
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