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Graph neural networks (GNNs) are an emerging model for learning graph embeddings and making predictions on graph structured data. However, robustness of graph neural networks is not yet well-understood. In this work, we focus on node…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-24 James Fox , Sivasankaran Rajamanickam

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are widely used for learning from graph-structured data in domains such as social networks, recommender systems, and financial platforms. To comply with privacy regulations like the GDPR, CCPA, and PIPEDA,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Jiahao Zhang , Yilong Wang , Suhang Wang

This paper studies the vulnerability of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to adversarial attacks on node features and graph structure. Various methods have implemented adversarial training to augment graph data, aiming to bolster the robustness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Jinluan Yang , Ruihao Zhang , Zhengyu Chen , Fei Wu , Kun Kuang

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have shown broad applicability in a variety of domains. These domains, e.g., social networks and product recommendations, are fertile ground for malicious users and behavior. In this paper, we show that GNNs are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Ben Finkelshtein , Chaim Baskin , Evgenii Zheltonozhskii , Uri Alon

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become widely used in the field of graph mining. However, these networks are vulnerable to structural perturbations. While many research efforts have focused on analyzing vulnerability through poisoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Yuwei Han , Yuni Lai , Yulin Zhu , Kai Zhou

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are playing an increasingly important role in the efficient operation and security of computing systems, with applications in workload scheduling, anomaly detection, and resource management. However, their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Haci Ismail Aslan , Philipp Wiesner , Ping Xiong , Odej Kao

The increasing use of machine learning in safety-critical domains amplifies the risk of adversarial threats, especially data poisoning attacks that corrupt training data to degrade performance or induce unsafe behavior. Most existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Sara Taheri , Mahalakshmi Sabanayagam , Debarghya Ghoshdastidar , Majid Zamani

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved significant success in graph representation learning and have been applied to various domains. However, many real-world graphs contain sensitive personal information, such as user profiles in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Longzhu He , Chaozhuo Li , Peng Tang , Li Sun , Sen Su , Philip S. Yu

Graph neural networks are becoming increasingly popular in the field of machine learning due to their unique ability to process data structured in graphs. They have also been applied in safety-critical environments where perturbations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Tobias Ladner , Michael Eichelbeck , Matthias Althoff

Many works show that node-level predictions of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are unrobust to small, often termed adversarial, changes to the graph structure. However, because manual inspection of a graph is difficult, it is unclear if the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Lukas Gosch , Daniel Sturm , Simon Geisler , Stephan Günnemann

The graph contrastive learning (GCL) framework has gained remarkable achievements in graph representation learning. However, similar to graph neural networks (GNNs), GCL models are susceptible to graph structural attacks. As an unsupervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Yulin Zhu , Xing Ai , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik , Kai Zhou

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have made rapid developments in the recent years. Due to their great ability in modeling graph-structured data, GNNs are vastly used in various applications, including high-stakes scenarios such as financial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Enyan Dai , Tianxiang Zhao , Huaisheng Zhu , Junjie Xu , Zhimeng Guo , Hui Liu , Jiliang Tang , Suhang Wang

Identifying vulnerable code is a precautionary measure to counter software security breaches. Tedious expert effort has been spent to build static analyzers, yet insecure patterns are barely fully enumerated. This work explores a deep…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Yufan Zhuang , Sahil Suneja , Veronika Thost , Giacomo Domeniconi , Alessandro Morari , Jim Laredo

Recent studies have revealed the vulnerability of graph neural networks (GNNs) to adversarial poisoning attacks on node classification tasks. Current defensive methods require substituting the original GNNs with defense models, regardless…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Ao Liu , Wenshan Li , Beibei Li , Wengang Ma , Tao Li , Pan Zhou

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become an effective tool for malware detection by capturing program execution through graph-structured representations. However, important challenges remain regarding scalability, interpretability, and the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Hossein Shokouhinejad , Griffin Higgins , Roozbeh Razavi-Far , Ali A. Ghorbani

Vertex classification -- the problem of identifying the class labels of nodes in a graph -- has applicability in a wide variety of domains. Examples include classifying subject areas of papers in citation networks or roles of machines in a…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-08-11 Benjamin A. Miller , Kevin Chan , Tina Eliassi-Rad

Deep learning models for graphs, especially Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs), have achieved remarkable performance in the task of semi-supervised node classification. However, recent studies show that GCNs suffer from adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-14 Haoxi Zhan , Xiaobing Pei

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are increasingly often employed in high-stakes applications, such as fraud detection or healthcare, but are susceptible to adversarial attacks. A number of techniques have been proposed to provide adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Minghao Liu , Chia-Hsuan Lu , Marta Kwiatkowska

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance in various graph structure related tasks such as node classification and graph classification. However, GNNs are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Existing works…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Jiaming Mu , Binghui Wang , Qi Li , Kun Sun , Mingwei Xu , Zhuotao Liu

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) has been widely used in a variety of fields because of their great potential in representing graph-structured data. However, lacking of rigorous uncertainty estimations limits their application in high-stakes.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Ting Wang , Zhixin Zhou , Rui Luo