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Multimodal affective computing underpins key tasks such as sentiment analysis and emotion recognition. Standard evaluations, however, often assume that textual, acoustic, and visual modalities are equally available. In real applications,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Tien Anh Pham , Phuong-Anh Nguyen , Duc-Trong Le , Cam-Van Thi Nguyen

Multimodal learning seeks to combine data from multiple input sources to enhance the performance of different downstream tasks. In real-world scenarios, performance can degrade substantially if some input modalities are missing. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Niki Nezakati , Md Kaykobad Reza , Ameya Patil , Mashhour Solh , M. Salman Asif

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance in artificial intelligence by facilitating integrated understanding across diverse modalities, including text, images, video, audio, and speech. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Chengze Jiang , Zhuangzhuang Wang , Minjing Dong , Jie Gui

Malignant brain tumors have become an aggressive and dangerous disease that leads to death worldwide.Multi-modal MRI data is crucial for accurate brain tumor segmentation, but missing modalities common in clinical practice can severely…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-11 Guoyan Liang , Qin Zhou , Jingyuan Chen , Bingcang Huang , Kai Chen , Lin Gu , Zhe Wang , Sai Wu , Chang Yao

Multi-sensor fusion systems (MSFs) play a vital role as the perception module in modern autonomous vehicles (AVs). Therefore, ensuring their robustness against common and realistic adversarial semantic transformations, such as rotation and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Zijian Huang , Wenda Chu , Linyi Li , Chejian Xu , Bo Li

Multi-sensor perception is crucial to ensure the reliability and accuracy in autonomous driving system, while multi-object tracking (MOT) improves that by tracing sequential movement of dynamic objects. Most current approaches for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Wenwei Zhang , Hui Zhou , Shuyang Sun , Zhe Wang , Jianping Shi , Chen Change Loy

Multi-modal learning has made significant advances across diverse pattern recognition applications. However, handling missing modalities, especially under imbalanced missing rates, remains a major challenge. This imbalance triggers a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Binyu Zhao , Wei Zhang , Zhaonian Zou

Multimodal learning typically relies on the assumption that all modalities are fully available during both the training and inference phases. However, in real-world scenarios, consistently acquiring complete multimodal data presents…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Donggeun Kim , Taesup Kim

With the increasing capabilities of large language models (LLMs), these high-performance models have achieved state-of-the-art results on a wide range of natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, the models' performance on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Guanting Dong , Jinxu Zhao , Tingfeng Hui , Daichi Guo , Wenlong Wan , Boqi Feng , Yueyan Qiu , Zhuoma Gongque , Keqing He , Zechen Wang , Weiran Xu

Multimodal Sentiment Analysis (MSA) aims to infer human sentiment from textual, acoustic, and visual signals. In real-world scenarios, however, multimodal inputs are often compromised by dynamic noise or modality missingness. Existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Yitong Zhu , Yuxuan Jiang , Guanxuan Jiang , Bojing Hou , Peng Yuan Zhou , Ge Lin Kan , Yuyang Wang

Learning from noisy labels remains a major challenge in medical image analysis, where annotation demands expert knowledge and substantial inter-observer variability often leads to inconsistent or erroneous labels. Despite extensive research…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yuan Ma , Junlin Hou , Chao Zhang , Yukun Zhou , Zongyuan Ge , Haoran Xie , Lie Ju

One of the key factors of enabling machine learning models to comprehend and solve real-world tasks is to leverage multimodal data. Unfortunately, annotation of multimodal data is challenging and expensive. Recently, self-supervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-11 Elad Amrani , Rami Ben-Ari , Daniel Rotman , Alex Bronstein

Combining multiple modalities carrying complementary information through multimodal learning (MML) has shown considerable benefits for diagnosing multiple pathologies. However, the robustness of multimodal models to missing modalities is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Hava Chaptoukaev , Vincenzo Marcianó , Francesco Galati , Maria A. Zuluaga

The rise of Omni-modal Large Language Models (OLLMs), which integrate visual and auditory processing with text, necessitates robust safety evaluations to mitigate harmful outputs. However, no dedicated benchmarks currently exist for OLLMs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Leyi Pan , Zheyu Fu , Yunpeng Zhai , Shuchang Tao , Sheng Guan , Shiyu Huang , Lingzhe Zhang , Zhaoyang Liu , Bolin Ding , Felix Henry , Aiwei Liu , Lijie Wen

The success of vision-language models is primarily attributed to effective alignment across modalities such as vision and language. However, modality gaps persist in existing alignment algorithms and appear necessary for human perception as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Hanqi Yan , Xiangxiang Cui , Lu Yin , Jindong Gu , Paul Pu Liang , Yulan He , Yifei Wang

Nowadays, cross-modal retrieval plays an indispensable role to flexibly find information across different modalities of data. Effectively measuring the similarity between different modalities of data is the key of cross-modal retrieval.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-08-17 Yuxin Peng , Jinwei Qi , Yuxin Yuan

Unified Multimodal Models (UMMs) offer powerful cross-modality capabilities but introduce new safety risks not observed in single-task models. Despite their emergence, existing safety benchmarks remain fragmented across tasks and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Segyu Lee , Boryeong Cho , Hojung Jung , Seokhyun An , Juhyeong Kim , Jaehyun Kwak , Yongjin Yang , Sangwon Jang , Youngrok Park , Wonjun Chang , Se-Young Yun

Multimodal remote sensing data provide complementary information for semantic segmentation, but in real-world deployments, some modalities may be unavailable due to sensor failures, acquisition issues, or challenging atmospheric conditions.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Irem Ulku , Erdem Akagündüz , Ömer Özgür Tanrıöver

Missing data in supervised learning is well-studied, but the specific issue of missing labels during model evaluation has been overlooked. Ignoring samples with missing values, a common solution, can introduce bias, especially when data is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Danial Dervovic , Michael Cashmore

Multimodal sentiment analysis (MSA) is an important way of observing mental activities with the help of data captured from multiple modalities. However, due to the recording or transmission error, some modalities may include incomplete…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Haozhe Chi , Minghua Yang , Junhao Zhu , Guanhong Wang , Gaoang Wang