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We propose Diffusion-Sharpening, a fine-tuning approach that enhances downstream alignment by optimizing sampling trajectories. Existing RL-based fine-tuning methods focus on single training timesteps and neglect trajectory-level alignment,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Ye Tian , Ling Yang , Xinchen Zhang , Yunhai Tong , Mengdi Wang , Bin Cui

Recent advances in denoising diffusion models have enabled rapid generation of optimized structures for topology optimization. However, these models often rely on surrogate predictors to enforce physical constraints, which may fail to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Euihyun Kim , Keun Park , Yeoneung Kim

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has been popular for aligning text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models with human preferences. As a mainstream branch of RLHF, Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) offers a computationally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Jiaming Hu , Jiamu Bai , Haoyu Wang , Debarghya Mukherjee , Ioannis Ch. Paschalidis

Preference-aligned robot navigation in human environments is typically achieved through learning-based approaches, utilizing user feedback or demonstrations for personalization. However, personal preferences are subject to change and might…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Jorge de Heuvel , Tharun Sethuraman , Maren Bennewitz

Preference learning is a widely adopted post-training technique that aligns large language models (LLMs) to human preferences and improves specific downstream task capabilities. In this work we systematically investigate how specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Joongwon Kim , Anirudh Goyal , Aston Zhang , Bo Xiong , Rui Hou , Melanie Kambadur , Dhruv Mahajan , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Liang Tan

The growing demand for parking has increased the need for automated parking planning methods that can operate reliably in confined spaces. In restricted and complex environments, high-precision maneuvers are required to achieve a high…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Mingyang Jiang , Yueyuan Li , Jiaru Zhang , Songan Zhang , Ming Yang

Concept-based explanation methods aim at making machine learning models more transparent by finding the most important semantic features of an input (e.g., colors, patterns, shapes) for a given prediction task. However, these methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Jacopo Teneggi , Zhenzhen Wang , Paul H. Yi , Tianmin Shu , Jeremias Sulam

This tutorial provides a comprehensive survey of methods for fine-tuning diffusion models to optimize downstream reward functions. While diffusion models are widely known to provide excellent generative modeling capability, practical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Masatoshi Uehara , Yulai Zhao , Tommaso Biancalani , Sergey Levine

We study human-in-the-loop reinforcement learning (RL) with trajectory preferences, where instead of receiving a numeric reward at each step, the agent only receives preferences over trajectory pairs from a human overseer. The goal of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Xiaoyu Chen , Han Zhong , Zhuoran Yang , Zhaoran Wang , Liwei Wang

Understanding what graph layout human prefer and why they prefer is significant and challenging due to the highly complex visual perception and cognition system in human brain. In this paper, we present the first machine learning approach…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-03-08 Shijun Cai , Seok-Hee Hong , Jialiang Shen , Tongliang Liu

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) is a prevalent approach to align AI systems with human values by learning rewards from human preference data. Due to various reasons, however, such data typically takes the form of rankings…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Ilgee Hong , Zichong Li , Alexander Bukharin , Yixiao Li , Haoming Jiang , Tianbao Yang , Tuo Zhao

Discrete diffusion models have demonstrated great promise in modeling various sequence data, ranging from human language to biological sequences. Inspired by the success of RL in language models, there is growing interest in further…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jiaqi Han , Austin Wang , Minkai Xu , Wenda Chu , Meihua Dang , Haotian Ye , Huayu Chen , Yisong Yue , Stefano Ermon

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) aims to learn optimal policies from previously collected datasets. Recently, due to their powerful representational capabilities, diffusion models have shown significant potential as policy models for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Tianle Zhang , Jiayi Guan , Lin Zhao , Yihang Li , Dongjiang Li , Zecui Zeng , Lei Sun , Yue Chen , Xuelong Wei , Lusong Li , Xiaodong He

This paper studies the alignment process of generative models with Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF). We first identify the primary challenges of existing popular methods like offline PPO and offline DPO as lacking in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Wei Xiong , Hanze Dong , Chenlu Ye , Ziqi Wang , Han Zhong , Heng Ji , Nan Jiang , Tong Zhang

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has been proven to be an effective method for preference alignment of large language models (LLMs) and is widely used in the post-training process of LLMs. However, RLHF struggles with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Dongxu Liu , Bing Xu , Yinzhuo Chen , Bufan Xu , Wenpeng Lu , Muyun Yang , Tiejun Zhao

Multi-behavior sequential recommendation (MBSR) aims to learn the dynamic and heterogeneous interactions of users' multi-behavior sequences, so as to capture user preferences under target behavior for the next interacted item prediction.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Ruochen Yang , Xiaodong Li , Jiawei Sheng , Jiangxia Cao , Xinkui Lin , Shen Wang , Shuang Yang , Zhaojie Liu , Tingwen Liu

Diffusion models have shown promising capabilities in trajectory generation for planning in offline reinforcement learning (RL). However, conventional diffusion-based planning methods often fail to account for the fact that generating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Hanping Zhang , Yuhong Guo

Preference alignment in Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly improved their ability to adhere to human instructions and intentions. However, existing direct alignment algorithms primarily focus on relative preferences and often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Shenao Zhang , Zhihan Liu , Boyi Liu , Yufeng Zhang , Yingxiang Yang , Yongfei Liu , Liyu Chen , Tao Sun , Zhaoran Wang

Recently, tremendous strides have been made to align the generation of Large Language Models (LLMs) with human values to mitigate toxic or unhelpful content. Leveraging Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) proves effective and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Mingye Zhu , Yi Liu , Lei Zhang , Junbo Guo , Zhendong Mao

Aligning text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models with preference optimization is valuable for human-annotated datasets, but the heavy cost of manual data collection limits scalability. Using reward models offers an alternative, however,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Kyungmin Lee , Xiaohang Li , Qifei Wang , Junfeng He , Junjie Ke , Ming-Hsuan Yang , Irfan Essa , Jinwoo Shin , Feng Yang , Yinxiao Li