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Dimensionality reduction is an integral part of data visualization. It is a process that obtains a structure preserving low-dimensional representation of the high-dimensional data. Two common criteria can be used to achieve a dimensionality…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2018-06-25 Lin Yan , Yaodong Zhao , Paul Rosen , Carlos Scheidegger , Bei Wang

Dimension reduction algorithms are a crucial part of many data science pipelines, including data exploration, feature creation and selection, and denoising. Despite their wide utilization, many non-linear dimension reduction algorithms are…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-08-06 Ryan Murray , Adam Pickarski

We present the MDS feature learning framework, in which multidimensional scaling (MDS) is applied on high-level pairwise image distances to learn fixed-length vector representations of images. The aspects of the images that are captured by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2013-06-17 Quan Wang , Kim L. Boyer

Dimensionality reduction (DR) is characterized by two longstanding trade-offs. First, there is a global-local preservation tension: methods such as t-SNE and UMAP prioritize local neighborhood preservation, yet may distort global manifold…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Zeyang Huang , Angelos Chatzimparmpas , Thomas Höllt , Takanori Fujiwara

During the last decade, hyperspectral images have attracted increasing interest from researchers worldwide. They provide more detailed information about an observed area and allow an accurate target detection and precise discrimination of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Asma Elmaizi , Hasna Nhaila , Elkebir Sarhrouni , Ahmed Hammouch , Nacir Chafik

Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) is one of the first fundamental manifold learning methods. It can be categorized into several methods, i.e., classical MDS, kernel classical MDS, metric MDS, and non-metric MDS. Sammon mapping and Isomap can…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-09-18 Benyamin Ghojogh , Ali Ghodsi , Fakhri Karray , Mark Crowley

Learning the manifold structure of remote sensing images is of paramount relevance for modeling and understanding processes, as well as to encapsulate the high dimensionality in a reduced set of informative features for subsequent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Gulsen Taskin , Gustau Camps-Valls

Multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) plays a central role in data-exploration, dimensionality reduction and visualization. State-of-the-art MDS algorithms are not robust to outliers, yielding significant errors in the embedding even when only a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-02-08 Leonid Blouvshtein , Daniel Cohen-Or

Many measurements in computer vision and machine learning manifest as non-Euclidean data samples. Several researchers recently extended a number of deep neural network architectures for manifold valued data samples. Researchers have…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-04-07 Rudrasis Chakraborty

Dimensionality reduction techniques map values from a high dimensional space to one with a lower dimension. The result is a space which requires less physical memory and has a faster distance calculation. These techniques are widely used…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Richard Connor , Lucia Vadicamo

Non-linear dimensionality reduction can be performed by \textit{manifold learning} approaches, such as Stochastic Neighbour Embedding (SNE), Locally Linear Embedding (LLE) and Isometric Feature Mapping (ISOMAP). These methods aim to produce…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-12-09 Theodoulos Rodosthenous , Vahid Shahrezaei , Marina Evangelou

Representing images and videos with Symmetric Positive Definite (SPD) matrices and considering the Riemannian geometry of the resulting space has proven beneficial for many recognition tasks. Unfortunately, computation on the Riemannian…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-11-18 Mehrtash T. Harandi , Mathieu Salzmann , Richard Hartley

Multidimensional scaling (MDS) is a class of projective algorithms traditionally used in Euclidean space to produce two- or three-dimensional visualizations of datasets of multidimensional points or point distances. More recently however,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-02-15 Andrej Cvetkovski , Mark Crovella

We reframe linear dimensionality reduction as a problem of Bayesian inference on matrix manifolds. This natural paradigm extends the Bayesian framework to dimensionality reduction tasks in higher dimensions with simpler models at greater…

Computation · Statistics 2016-06-15 Andrew Holbrook , Alexander Vandenberg-Rodes , Babak Shahbaba

Existing dimensionality reduction methods are adept at revealing hidden underlying manifolds arising from high-dimensional data and thereby producing a low-dimensional representation. However, the smoothness of the manifolds produced by…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-07-16 Kelum Gajamannage , Randy Paffenroth , Erik M. Bollt

Density-based distances (DBDs) provide a principled approach to metric learning by defining distances in terms of the underlying data distribution. By employing a Riemannian metric that increases in regions of low probability density,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Peter Sorrenson , Daniel Behrend-Uriarte , Christoph Schnörr , Ullrich Köthe

Low-dimensional embeddings for data from disparate sources play critical roles in multi-modal machine learning, multimedia information retrieval, and bioinformatics. In this paper, we propose a supervised dimensionality reduction method…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-15 Yanjun Li , Bihan Wen , Hao Cheng , Yoram Bresler

Data sets tend to live in low-dimensional non-linear subspaces. Ideal data analysis tools for such data sets should therefore account for such non-linear geometry. The symmetric Riemannian geometry setting can be suitable for a variety of…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2024-03-12 Willem Diepeveen

We introduce Non-Euclidean-MDS (Neuc-MDS), an extension of classical Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) that accommodates non-Euclidean and non-metric inputs. The main idea is to generalize the standard inner product to symmetric bilinear forms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Chengyuan Deng , Jie Gao , Kevin Lu , Feng Luo , Hongbin Sun , Cheng Xin

Manifold learning (ML), known also as non-linear dimension reduction, is a set of methods to find the low dimensional structure of data. Dimension reduction for large, high dimensional data is not merely a way to reduce the data; the new…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-11-08 Marina Meilă , Hanyu Zhang