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Space radiation is one of the major obstacles to space exploration. If not mitigated, radiation can interact both with biological and electronic systems, inducing damage and posing significant risk to space missions. Countermeasures can…

Space Physics · Physics 2026-02-05 Enrico Pierobon , Luca Lunati , Tim Wagner , Marco Durante , Christoph Schuy

Cosmic Rays (CRs) include Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs) and Anomalous Cosmic Rays (ACRs). The CR flux data of protons and heavy-ions observed with spacecraft are often seriously contaminated by Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events. In this…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2013-12-10 G Qin , L. -L. Zhao

In this study, we aim to develop a new methodology to estimate the cross-correlation function and uncertainties and apply it to the analysis of magnification bias in galaxy surveys. We adopt a new methodological framework that uses a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-06 J. González-Nuevo , L. Bonavera , M. M. Cueli , D. Crespo , J. M. Casas

We present an analysis of the time-dependent modulation of galactic cosmic rays near Earth, with a focus on the cosmic proton flux and polar field. Using data from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) and the Wilcox Solar Observatory, we…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-30 Shaokun Gong , Linjing Duan , Jiawei Zhao , Xueyu Wei , Jie Feng , Zhibing Li

An observation-based Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) spectral model for heavy nuclei is developed. Zhao and Qin (J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys.118, 1837(2013)) proposed an empirical elemental GCR spectra model for nuclear charge 5-28 over the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-05-05 Shuai Fu , LingLing Zhao , Gary P. Zank , Miao Wang , Yong Jiang

Galactic cosmic rays (CRs) generally share common propagation features, leading to consistent spectral observations of secondary nuclei such as Li, Be, and B. However, the Li spectrum predicted by the CR diffusion coefficient inferred from…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-02-11 Meng-Jie Zhao , Xiao-Jun Bi , Kun Fang , Xing-Jian Lv , Peng-Fei Yin

The observed variability of the cosmic-ray intensity in the interplanetary space is driven by the evolution of the Sun's magnetic activity over its 11-year quasiperiodical cycle. Investigating the relationship between solar activity indices…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-10-13 Nicola Tomassetti , Bruna Bertucci , Emanuele Fiandrini

We extend existing methods for using cross-correlations to derive redshift distributions for photometric galaxies, without using photometric redshifts. The model presented in this paper simultaneously yields highly accurate and unbiased…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-03-07 Marcel P. van Daalen , Martin White

We have developed a model which aims to reproduce observational data of many kinds related to cosmic-ray (CR) origin and propagation: direct measurements of nuclei, antiprotons, electrons and positrons, gamma-rays, and synchrotron…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 I. V. Moskalenko , A. W. Strong

Research in many areas of modern physics and astrophysics such as, e.g., indirect searches for dark matter (DM), particle acceleration in SNR shocks, and the spectrum and origin of extragalactic gamma-ray background, rely heavily on studies…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-03-19 Igor V. Moskalenko

The international Galactic Emission Mapping project aims to map and characterize the polarization field of the Milky Way. In Portugal it will cartograph the C-band sky polarized emission of the Northern Hemisphere and provide templates for…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 Miguel Bergano , Francisco Fernandes , Luis Cupido , Domingos Barbosa , Rui Fonseca , Ivan Ferreira , Bruce Grossan , George Smoot

We consider the energy spectrum of cosmic-rays (CRs) from a purely phenomenological point of view and investigate the possibility that they all be produced by the same type of sources with a single power-law spectrum, in E^{-x}, from…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 J. Aublin , E. Parizot

We have developed a model which aims to reproduce observational data of many kinds related to cosmic-ray origin and propagation: direct measurements of nuclei, antiprotons, electrons and positrons, gamma-rays, and synchrotron radiation. Our…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. W. Strong , I. V. Moskalenko

We study the phenomenology of cosmic-rays (CRs) at the galactic/extragalactic transition, focusing on two opposite models for the composition of the extragalactic (EG) component. Model A assumes a mixed source composition, with nuclear…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-05-12 D. Allard , E. Parizot , A. V. Olinto

Various studies firmly establish the fact that gamma-ray observations can act as a unique probe to detect the possible cosmic ray (CR) sources, study the CR density distribution and explore the average properties of interstellar medium…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-01-08 Sayan Biswas , Nayantara Gupta

Entering a new era of high-energy gamma-ray experiments, there is an exciting quest for the first detection of gamma-ray emission from clusters of galaxies. To complement these observational efforts, we use high-resolution simulations of a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 Anders Pinzke , Christoph Pfrommer

Despite over 35 years of constant satellite-based measurements of cloud, reliable evidence of a long-hypothesized link between changes in solar activity and Earth's cloud cover remains elusive. This work examines evidence of a cosmic ray…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2012-11-26 Benjamin A. Laken , Enric Palle , Jasa Calogovic , Eimear M. Dunne

Galactic cosmic-ray (GCR) flux short-term variations ($<$1 month) in the inner heliosphere are mainly associated with the passage of high-speed solar wind streams (HSS) and interplanetary (IP) counterparts of coronal mass ejections (ICMEs).…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-12-07 Catia Grimani , Andrea Cesarini , Michele Fabi , Federico Sabbatini , Daniele Telloni , Mattia Villani

Cosmic rays (CRs) are an integral component of the interstellar medium, producing broadband emission while interacting with other Galactic matter components like the interstellar gas or magnetic fields. In addition to observations,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-10-12 Julia Thaler , Ralf Kissmann , Olaf Reimer

As galactic cosmic rays propagate through the turbulent plasma environment within the heliosphere, they undergo a process of diffusion, drift and energy loss, leading to a notable reduction in their flux. This is the solar modulation…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-04-23 Cheng-Rui Zhu , Mei-Juan Wang