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We consider solving partial differential equations (PDEs) with Fourier neural operators (FNOs), which operate in the frequency domain. Since the laws of physics do not depend on the coordinate system used to describe them, it is desirable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Jacob Helwig , Xuan Zhang , Cong Fu , Jerry Kurtin , Stephan Wojtowytsch , Shuiwang Ji

Memory complexity and data scarcity have so far prohibited learning solution operators of partial differential equations (PDEs) at high resolutions. We address these limitations by introducing a new data efficient and highly parallelizable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Jean Kossaifi , Nikola Kovachki , Kamyar Azizzadenesheli , Anima Anandkumar

This paper introduces an operator-based neural network, the mirror-padded Fourier neural operator (MFNO), designed to learn the dynamics of stochastic systems. MFNO extends the standard Fourier neural operator (FNO) by incorporating mirror…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Wonjae Lee , Taeyoung Kim , Hyungbin Park

Fourier Neural Operators (FNOs) have demonstrated exceptional accuracy in mapping functional spaces by leveraging Fourier transforms to establish a connection with underlying physical principles. However, their opaque inner workings often…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-11-04 Marco Cayuela , Vincent Le Chenadec , Peter Schmid , Taraneh Sayadi

This study investigates the application of machine learning, specifically Fourier Neural Operator (FNO) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), to learn time-advancement operators for parametric partial differential equations (PDEs). Our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Rixin Yu , Erdzan Hodzic

Fourier Neural Operators (FNOs) have been promoted as fast, mesh-invariant surrogates for partial-differential equation solvers, with seismic studies reporting orders-of-magnitude speedup over classical methods. We revisit those claims by…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-08-18 Dimitri Voytan , Litan Li

Physics-Informed Neural Operators provide efficient, high-fidelity simulations for systems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs). However, most existing studies focus only on multi-scale, multi-physics systems within a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Weidong Wu , Yong Zhang , Lili Hao , Yang Chen , Xiaoyan Sun , Dunwei Gong

Partial differential equations (PDEs) are central to describing complex physical system simulations. Their expensive solution techniques have led to an increased interest in deep neural network based surrogates. However, the practical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Jayesh K. Gupta , Johannes Brandstetter

Neural operators extend data-driven models to map between infinite-dimensional functional spaces. These models have successfully solved continuous dynamical systems represented by differential equations, viz weather forecasting, fluid flow,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Karn Tiwari , N M Anoop Krishnan , Prathosh A P

In this work, we describe a novel approach to building a neural PDE solver leveraging recent advances in transformer based neural network architectures. Our model can provide solutions for different values of PDE parameters without any need…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Varun Madhavan , Amal S Sebastian , Bharath Ramsundar , Venkatasubramanian Viswanathan

Neural operators have emerged as powerful data-driven surrogates for learning solution operators of parametric partial differential equations (PDEs). However, widely used Fourier Neural Operators (FNOs) rely on global Fourier…

Neural operators effectively solve PDE problems from data without knowing the explicit equations, which learn the map from the input sequences of observed samples to the predicted values. Most existing works build the model in the original…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Tian Wang , Chuang Wang

Neural operators have emerged as promising frameworks for learning mappings governed by partial differential equations (PDEs), serving as data-driven alternatives to traditional numerical methods. While methods such as the Fourier neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Minsu Koh , Beom-Chul Park , Heejo Kong , Seong-Whan Lee

Global urbanization has underscored the significance of urban microclimates for human comfort, health, and building/urban energy efficiency. They profoundly influence building design and urban planning as major environmental impacts.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Wenhui Peng , Shaoxiang Qin , Senwen Yang , Jianchun Wang , Xue Liu , Liangzhu Leon Wang

Neural operators approximate PDE solution maps, but they need not respect the symmetries of the governing equation. In out-of-distribution (OOD) regimes, a standard neural operator must often learn coordinate alignment and physical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jiaxiao Xu , Changhong Mou , Yeyu Zhang , Fengxiang He

Time-periodic quantum systems exhibit a rich variety of far-from-equilibrium phenomena and serve as ideal platforms for quantum engineering and control. However, simulating their dynamics with conventional numerical methods remains…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-10 Zihao Qi , Yang Peng , Christopher Earls

Neural operators are becoming the default tools to learn solutions to governing partial differential equations (PDEs) in weather and ocean forecasting applications. Despite early promising achievements, significant challenges remain,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Vahidreza Jahanmard , Ali Ramezani-Kebrya , Robinson Hordoir

Partial differential equations (PDEs) govern a wide range of physical phenomena, but their numerical solution remains computationally demanding, especially when repeated simulations are required across many parameter settings. Recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Hamda Hmida , Hsiu-Wen Chang Joly , Youssef Mesri

High-frequency features are critical in multiscale phenomena such as turbulent flows and phase transitions, since they encode essential physical information. The recently proposed Wavelet Neural Operator (WNO) utilizes wavelets'…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-06-24 Wei-Min Lei , Hou-Biao Li

Predicting the microstructural and morphological evolution of materials through phase-field modelling is computationally intensive, particularly for high-throughput parametric studies. While neural operators such as the Fourier neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Nanxi Chen , Airong Chen , Rujin Ma