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This paper proposes design techniques for partially-calibrated sparse linear subarrays and algorithms to perform direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation. First, we introduce array architectures that incorporate two distinct array categories,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-04 W. Leite , R. C. de Lamare , Y. Zakharov , W. Liu , M. Haardt

Sparse arrays can resolve significantly more scatterers or sources than sensor by utilizing the co-array - a virtual array structure consisting of pairwise differences or sums of sensor positions. Although several sparse array…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-07 Robin Rajamäki , Visa Koivunen

Recent advancements in Deep Learning (DL) for Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation have highlighted its superiority over traditional methods, offering faster inference, enhanced super-resolution, and robust performance in low…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-07 Ruxin Zheng , Shunqiao Sun , Hongshan Liu , Honglei Chen , Mojtaba Soltanalian , Jian Li

Fluid antenna system (FAS), which continuously repositions a single physical element across a deployment region $[0, D]$, breaks this limit by freeing antenna positions from the discrete grid entirely. This paper establishes the theoretical…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-20 Tuo Wu , Jie Tang , Ye Tian , Cheng Zeng , Matthew C. Valenti , Hing Cheung So

Switches-based hybrid architecture has attracted much attention, especially in directional-of-arrival (DOA) sensing, due to its ability of significantly reducing the hardware cost by compressing massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-14 Yifan Li , Kang Wei , Linqiong Jia , Jun Zou , Feng Shu , Yaoliang Song , Jiangzhou Wang

A semi-coprime array (SCA) interleaves two undersampled uniform linear arrays (ULAs) and a $Q$ element standard ULA. The undersampling factors of the first two arrays are $QM$ and $QN$ respectively where $M$ and $N$ are coprime. The…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-05-22 Kaushallya Adhikari

Direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation refers to the process of retrieving the direction information of several electromagnetic waves/sources from the outputs of a number of receiving antennas that form a sensor array. DOA estimation is a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-01-10 Zai Yang , Jian Li , Petre Stoica , Lihua Xie

In recent years, direction of arrival estimation utilizing non-circular signals has become a focal point for scholarly research. To enhance the degrees of freedom (DOF) in receiver arrays specifically for non-circular signal DOA estimation,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Dongqi Chen , Kun Ye , Chuanxi Xing , Waqas Khalid , Huiping Huang

Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation in array processing using uniform/sparse linear arrays is concerned in this paper. While sparse methods via approximate parameter discretization have been popular in the past decade, the discretization…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-10-24 Zai Yang , Lihua Xie , Cishen Zhang

Sparse sensor arrays offer a cost effective alternative to uniform arrays. By utilizing the co-array, a sparse array can match the performance of a filled array, despite having significantly fewer sensors. However, even sparse arrays can…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-11-14 Robin Rajamäki , Visa Koivunen

This paper presents a novel method for estimating the direction of arrival (DOA) for a non-uniform and sparse linear sensor array using the weighted lifted structure low-rank matrix completion. The proposed method uses a single snapshot…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-29 Saeed Razavikia , Mohammad Bokaei , Arash Amini , Stefano Rini , Carlo Fischione

This work presents a first-of-its-kind graphical user interface (GUI)-based simulator developed using MATLAB App designer for the comprehensive analysis of sparse linear arrays (SLAs) in the difference coarray (DCA) domain. Sparse sensor…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-28 Ashish Patwari , Ananya Pandey , Aditya Dabade , Priyadarshini Raiguru

Sparse array designs have focused mostly on angular resolution, peak sidelobe level and directivity factor of virtual arrays for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar. The notion of the MIMO radar virtual array is based on the direct…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-17 Xuchen Li , Ronghao Lin , Hing Cheung So

Antenna arrays have many applications in direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation. Sparse arrays such as nested arrays, super nested arrays, and coprime arrays have large degrees of freedom (DOFs). They can estimate large number of sources…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-12 Saleh A. Alawsh , Ali H. Muqaibel

We focus on developing an effective Direction Of Arrival (DOA) estimation method for wideband sources based on the gridless sparse concept. Previous coherent methods have been designed by dividing wideband frequencies into a few subbands…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-05 Milad Javadzadeh Jirhandeh , Mohammad Hossein Kahae

This paper investigates a design framework for sparse fluid antenna systems (FAS) enabling high-performance direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation, particularly in challenging millimeter-wave (mmWave) environments. By ingeniously harnessing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-15 He Xu , Tuo Wu , Ye Tian , Ming Jin , Wei Liu , Qinghua Guo , Maged Elkashlan , Matthew C. Valenti , Chan-Byoung Chae , Kin-Fai Tong , Kai-Kit Wong

While tensor-based methods excel at Direction-of-Arrival (DOA) estimation, their performance degrades severely with faulty or sparse arrays that violate the required manifold structure. To address this challenge, we propose Tensor…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Wenlong Wang , Tianyang Zhang , Tailun Dong , Lei Zhang

We consider the problem of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation in unknown partially correlated noise environments where the noise covariance matrix is sparse. A sparse noise covariance matrix is a common model for a sparse array of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Mohammadreza Malek-Mohammadi , Magnus Jansson , Arash Owrang , Ali Koochakzadeh , Massoud Babaie-Zadeh

We present a gridless sparse iterative covariance-based estimation method based on alternating projections for direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation. The gridless DOA estimation is formulated in the reconstruction of Toeplitz-structured low…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-06 Yongsung Park , Peter Gerstoft

The estimation of direction of arrival (DOA) is a crucial issue in conventional radar, wireless communication, and integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems. However, low-cost systems often suffer from imperfect factors, such as…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-21 Peng Chen , Zhimin Chen , Liang Liu , Yun Chen , Xianbin Wang