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Contrastive Learning (CL) has been proved to be a powerful self-supervised approach for a wide range of domains, including computer vision and graph representation learning. However, the incremental learning issue of CL has rarely been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Cheng Ji , Jianxin Li , Hao Peng , Jia Wu , Xingcheng Fu , Qingyun Sun , Phillip S. Yu

Implicit neural representations (INRs) have emerged as a powerful paradigm for medical imaging via physics-informed unsupervised learning. Classical INRs optimize an entire network from scratch for each subject, leading to inefficient…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Qing Wu , Xuanyu Tian , Chenhe Du , Haonan Zhang , Xiao Wang , Le Lu , Yuyao Zhang

Class-Incremental Semantic Segmentation (CISS) requires continuous learning of newly introduced classes while retaining knowledge of past classes. By abstracting mainstream methods into two stages (visual feature extraction and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Ruitao Wu , Yifan Zhao , Jia Li

Existing continual learning techniques focus on either task incremental learning (TIL) or class incremental learning (CIL) problem, but not both. CIL and TIL differ mainly in that the task-id is provided for each test sample during testing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Gyuhak Kim , Sepideh Esmaeilpour , Changnan Xiao , Bing Liu

Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) or continual learning is a desired capability in the real world, which requires a learning system to adapt to new tasks without forgetting former ones. While traditional CIL methods focus on visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Da-Wei Zhou , Yuanhan Zhang , Yan Wang , Jingyi Ning , Han-Jia Ye , De-Chuan Zhan , Ziwei Liu

Class Incremental Learning (CIL) aims to continuously learn new categories while retaining the knowledge of old ones. Pre-trained models (PTMs) show promising capabilities in CIL. However, existing approaches that apply lightweight…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Kai Jiang , Zhengyan Shi , Dell Zhang , Hongyuan Zhang , Xuelong Li

Continual Learning (CL) aims to enable Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to learn new data without forgetting previously learned knowledge. The key to achieving this goal is to avoid confusion at the feature level, i.e., avoiding confusion within…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Shaoxu Cheng , Kanglei Geng , Chiyuan He , Zihuan Qiu , Linfeng Xu , Heqian Qiu , Lanxiao Wang , Qingbo Wu , Fanman Meng , Hongliang Li

Algorithm selection is commonly used to predict the best solver from a portfolio per per-instance. In many real scenarios, instances arrive in a stream: new instances become available over time, while the number of class labels can also…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Mate Botond Nemeth , Emma Hart , Kevin Sim , Quentin Renau

In-context learning (ICL) enables large language models to perform few-shot learning by conditioning on labeled examples in the prompt. Despite its flexibility, ICL suffers from instability -- especially as prompt length increases with more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Josip Jukić , Jan Šnajder

Long-tailed image classification remains a long-standing challenge, as real-world data typically follow highly imbalanced distributions where a few head classes dominate and many tail classes contain only limited samples. This imbalance…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Ziquan Zhu , Gaojie Jin , Hanruo Zhu , Si-Yuan Lu , Yunxiao Zhang , Zeyu Fu , Ronghui Mu , Guoqiang Zhang , Zhao Sun , Xia Yuhang , Jiaxing Shang , Xiang Li , Lu Liu , Tianjin Huang

Class Incremental Learning (CIL) aims to sequentially acquire knowledge of new classes without forgetting previously learned ones. Despite recent progress, current CIL methods still exhibit significant performance gaps compared to their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Zihuan Qiu , Yi Xu , Fanman Meng , Runtong Zhang , Linfeng Xu , Qingbo Wu , Hongliang Li

In class-incremental learning (CIL), effective incremental learning strategies are essential to mitigate task confusion and catastrophic forgetting, especially as the number of tasks $t$ increases. Current exemplar replay strategies impose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Milad Khademi Nori , Il-Min Kim , Guanghui Wang

In real-world applications, dynamic scenarios require the models to possess the capability to learn new tasks continuously without forgetting the old knowledge. Experience-Replay methods store a subset of the old images for joint training.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Xinyuan Gao , Songlin Dong , Yuhang He , Xing Wei , Yihong Gong

This work explores class-incremental learning (CIL) for sound event detection (SED), advancing adaptability towards real-world scenarios. CIL's success in domains like computer vision inspired our SED-tailored method, addressing the unique…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-14 Yang Xiao , Rohan Kumar Das

In today's connected world, the generation of massive streaming data across diverse domains has become commonplace. In the presence of concept drift, class imbalance, label scarcity, and new class emergence, they jointly degrade…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Jin Li , Kleanthis Malialis , Marios Polycarpou

With the emergence of Transformers and Vision-Language Models (VLMs) such as CLIP, fine-tuning large pre-trained models has recently become a prevalent strategy in Continual Learning. This has led to the development of numerous prompting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Emanuele Frascaroli , Aniello Panariello , Pietro Buzzega , Lorenzo Bonicelli , Angelo Porrello , Simone Calderara

Class-incremental semantic segmentation (CSS) requires that a model learn to segment new classes without forgetting how to segment previous ones: this is typically achieved by distilling the current knowledge and incorporating the latest…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Jinchao Ge , Bowen Zhang , Akide Liu , Minh Hieu Phan , Qi Chen , Yangyang Shu , Yang Zhao

Image classification is a primary task in data analysis where explainable models are crucially demanded in various applications. Although amounts of methods have been proposed to obtain explainable knowledge from the black-box classifiers,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Ruitao Xie , Jingbang Chen , Limai Jiang , Rui Xiao , Yi Pan , Yunpeng Cai

Domain incremental learning (DIL) poses a significant challenge in real-world scenarios, as models need to be sequentially trained on diverse domains over time, all the while avoiding catastrophic forgetting. Mitigating representation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Kishaan Jeeveswaran , Elahe Arani , Bahram Zonooz

Few-shot learning (FSL) often requires effective adaptation of models using limited labeled data. However, most existing FSL methods rely on entangled representations, requiring the model to implicitly recover the unmixing process to obtain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Tianjiao Jiang , Zhen Zhang , Yuhang Liu , Javen Qinfeng Shi