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Current text-to-image (T2I) generation models struggle to align spatial composition with the input text, especially in complex scenes. Even layout-based approaches yield suboptimal spatial control, as their generation process is decoupled…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Zheyuan Liu , Munan Ning , Qihui Zhang , Shuo Yang , Zhongrui Wang , Yiwei Yang , Xianzhe Xu , Yibing Song , Weihua Chen , Fan Wang , Li Yuan

The emergence of text-to-image synthesis (TIS) models has significantly influenced digital image creation by producing high-quality visuals from written descriptions. Yet these models are sensitive on textual prompts, posing a challenge for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Yilun Liu , Minggui He , Feiyu Yao , Yuhe Ji , Shimin Tao , Jingzhou Du , Duan Li , Jian Gao , Li Zhang , Hao Yang , Boxing Chen , Osamu Yoshie

State-of-the-art T2I models are capable of generating high-resolution images given textual prompts. However, they still struggle with accurately depicting compositional scenes that specify multiple objects, attributes, and spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Yixin Wan , Kai-Wei Chang

Capturing High Dynamic Range (HDR) scenery using 8-bit cameras often suffers from over-/underexposure, loss of fine details due to low bit-depth compression, skewed color distributions, and strong noise in dark areas. Traditional LDR image…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-14 Baiang Li , Sizhuo Ma , Yanhong Zeng , Xiaogang Xu , Youqing Fang , Zhao Zhang , Jian Wang , Kai Chen

Large-scale text-to-image diffusion models have been a ground-breaking development in generating convincing images following an input text prompt. The goal of image editing research is to give users control over the generated images by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Chuanming Tang , Kai Wang , Joost van de Weijer

Current image generation systems produce high-quality images but struggle with ambiguous user prompts, making interpretation of actual user intentions difficult. Many users must modify their prompts several times to ensure the generated…

Text-to-image (T2I) models, while offering immense creative potential, are highly reliant on human intervention, posing significant usability challenges that often necessitate manual, iterative prompt engineering over often underspecified…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Xingchen Wan , Han Zhou , Ruoxi Sun , Hootan Nakhost , Ke Jiang , Rajarishi Sinha , Sercan Ö. Arık

Text-to-audio (T2A) generation has achieved remarkable progress in generating a variety of audio outputs from language prompts. However, current state-of-the-art T2A models still struggle to satisfy human preferences for prompt-following…

Flow matching models (FMs) have revolutionized text-to-image (T2I) generation, with reinforcement learning (RL) serving as a critical post-training strategy for alignment with reward objectives. In this research, we show that current RL…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Fu-Yun Wang , Han Zhang , Michael Gharbi , Hongsheng Li , Taesung Park

An automated metric to evaluate dialogue quality is vital for optimizing data driven dialogue management. The common approach of relying on explicit user feedback during a conversation is intrusive and sparse. Current models to estimate…

Diffusion-based text-to-image (T2I) models have made remarkable progress in generating photorealistic and semantically rich images. However, when the target concepts lie in low-density regions of the training distribution, these models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Kwanyoung Lee , SeungJu Cha , Yebin Ahn , Hyunwoo Oh , Sungho Koh , Dong-Jin Kim

Recent advancements in text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in generating high-fidelity images. However, these models often struggle to faithfully render complex user prompts, particularly in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Linqing Wang , Ximing Xing , Yiji Cheng , Zhiyuan Zhao , Donghao Li , Tiankai Hang , Jiale Tao , Qixun Wang , Ruihuang Li , Comi Chen , Xin Li , Mingrui Wu , Xinchi Deng , Shuyang Gu , Chunyu Wang , Qinglin Lu

Text to image generation methods (T2I) are widely popular in generating art and other creative artifacts. While visual hallucinations can be a positive factor in scenarios where creativity is appreciated, such artifacts are poorly suited…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Rodrigo Valerio , Joao Bordalo , Michal Yarom , Yonatan Bitton , Idan Szpektor , Joao Magalhaes

Environment designers in the entertainment industry create imaginative 2D and 3D scenes for games, films, and television, requiring both fine-grained control of specific details and consistent global coherence. Designers have increasingly…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Wen-Fan Wang , Ting-Ying Lee , Chien-Ting Lu , Che-Wei Hsu , Nil Ponsa Campanyà , Yu Chen , Mike Y. Chen , Bing-Yu Chen

Video generation models have achieved remarkable progress in text-to-video tasks. These models are typically trained on text-video pairs with highly detailed and carefully crafted descriptions, while real-world user inputs during inference…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Jiale Cheng , Ruiliang Lyu , Xiaotao Gu , Xiao Liu , Jiazheng Xu , Yida Lu , Jiayan Teng , Zhuoyi Yang , Yuxiao Dong , Jie Tang , Hongning Wang , Minlie Huang

User prompts for generative AI models are often underspecified, leading to a misalignment between the user intent and models' understanding. As a result, users commonly have to painstakingly refine their prompts. We study this alignment…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Meera Hahn , Wenjun Zeng , Nithish Kannen , Rich Galt , Kartikeya Badola , Been Kim , Zi Wang

Generative AI has significantly changed industries by enabling text-driven image generation, yet challenges remain in achieving high-resolution outputs that align with fine-grained user preferences. Consequently, multi-round interactions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Kun Li , Jianhui Wang , Yangfan He , Xinyuan Song , Ruoyu Wang , Hongyang He , Wenxin Zhang , Jiaqi Chen , Keqin Li , Sida Li , Miao Zhang , Tianyu Shi , Xueqian Wang

Well-designed prompts have demonstrated the potential to guide text-to-image models in generating amazing images. Although existing prompt engineering methods can provide high-level guidance, it is challenging for novice users to achieve…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Nailei Hei , Qianyu Guo , Zihao Wang , Yan Wang , Haofen Wang , Wenqiang Zhang

Subject-consistent generation (SCG)-aiming to maintain a consistent subject identity across diverse scenes-remains a challenge for text-to-image (T2I) models. Existing training-free SCG methods often achieve consistency at the cost of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zhanxin Gao , Beier Zhu , Liang Yao , Jian Yang , Ying Tai

Text prompt is the most common way for human-generative AI (GenAI) communication. Though convenient, it is challenging to convey fine-grained and referential intent. One promising solution is to combine text prompts with precise GUI…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Leixian Shen , Yifang Wang , Huamin Qu , Xing Xie , Haotian Li