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Large Language Models (LLMs) are central to the one-for-all intelligent paradigm, but they face a fundamental challenge when dealing with heterogeneous scientific data such as molecules: the inherent gap between discrete linguistic symbols…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Yuxuan Chen , Changwei Lv , Yunduo Xiao , Zhongjing Du , Daquan Zhou , Yukun Yan , Zheni Zeng , Zhiyuan Liu

The performance gap between closed-source and open-source large language models (LLMs) is largely attributed to disparities in access to high-quality training data. To bridge this gap, we introduce a novel framework for the automated…

With the exponential increase in online scientific literature, identifying reliable domain-specific data has become increasingly important but also very challenging. Manual data collection and filtering for domain-specific scientific…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Nikita Gautam , Doina Caragea , Ignacio Ciampitti , Federico Gomez

Reasoning-focused large language models (LLMs) are rapidly evolving across various domains, yet their capabilities in handling complex legal problems remains underexplored. In this paper, we introduce Unilaw-R1, a large language model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Hua Cai , Shuang Zhao , Liang Zhang , Xuli Shen , Qing Xu , Weilin Shen , Zihao Wen , Tianke Ban

Although large language models (LLMs) have recently achieved remarkable performance on various complex reasoning benchmarks, the academic community still lacks an in-depth understanding of base model training processes and data quality. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Xiaoyu Tian , Sitong Zhao , Haotian Wang , Shuaiting Chen , Yiping Peng , Yunjie Ji , Han Zhao , Xiangang Li

We introduce KoLasSimpleQA, the first benchmark evaluating the multilingual factual ability of Large Language Models (LLMs). Inspired by existing research, we created the question set with features such as single knowledge point coverage,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Bowen Jiang , Runchuan Zhu , Jiang Wu , Zinco Jiang , Yifan He , Junyuan Gao , Jia Yu , Rui Min , Yinfan Wang , Haote Yang , Songyang Zhang , Dahua Lin , Lijun Wu , Conghui He

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced the field of natural language processing, with GPT models at the forefront. While their remarkable performance spans a range of tasks, adapting LLMs for real-world business scenarios…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Minh-Tien Nguyen , Duy-Hung Nguyen , Shahab Sabahi , Hung Le , Jeff Yang , Hajime Hotta

Scientific Large Language Models (Sci-LLMs) are transforming how knowledge is represented, integrated, and applied in scientific research, yet their progress is shaped by the complex nature of scientific data. This survey presents a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Ming Hu , Chenglong Ma , Wei Li , Wanghan Xu , Jiamin Wu , Jucheng Hu , Tianbin Li , Guohang Zhuang , Jiaqi Liu , Yingzhou Lu , Ying Chen , Chaoyang Zhang , Cheng Tan , Jie Ying , Guocheng Wu , Shujian Gao , Pengcheng Chen , Jiashi Lin , Haitao Wu , Lulu Chen , Fengxiang Wang , Yuanyuan Zhang , Xiangyu Zhao , Feilong Tang , Encheng Su , Junzhi Ning , Xinyao Liu , Ye Du , Changkai Ji , Pengfei Jiang , Cheng Tang , Ziyan Huang , Jiyao Liu , Jiaqi Wei , Yuejin Yang , Xiang Zhang , Guangshuai Wang , Yue Yang , Huihui Xu , Ziyang Chen , Yizhou Wang , Chen Tang , Jianyu Wu , Yuchen Ren , Siyuan Yan , Zhonghua Wang , Zhongxing Xu , Shiyan Su , Shangquan Sun , Runkai Zhao , Zhisheng Zhang , Dingkang Yang , Jinjie Wei , Jiaqi Wang , Jiahao Xu , Jiangtao Yan , Wenhao Tang , Hongze Zhu , Yu Liu , Fudi Wang , Yiqing Shen , Yuanfeng Ji , Yanzhou Su , Tong Xie , Hongming Shan , Chun-Mei Feng , Zhi Hou , Diping Song , Lihao Liu , Yanyan Huang , Lequan Yu , Bin Fu , Shujun Wang , Xiaomeng Li , Xiaowei Hu , Yun Gu , Ben Fei , Benyou Wang , Yuewen Cao , Minjie Shen , Jie Xu , Haodong Duan , Fang Yan , Hongxia Hao , Jielan Li , Jiajun Du , Yanbo Wang , Imran Razzak , Zhongying Deng , Chi Zhang , Lijun Wu , Conghui He , Zhaohui Lu , Jinhai Huang , Wenqi Shao , Yihao Liu , Siqi Luo , Yi Xin , Xiaohong Liu , Fenghua Ling , Yuqiang Li , Aoran Wang , Siqi Sun , Qihao Zheng , Nanqing Dong , Tianfan Fu , Dongzhan Zhou , Yan Lu , Wenlong Zhang , Jin Ye , Jianfei Cai , Yirong Chen , Wanli Ouyang , Yu Qiao , Zongyuan Ge , Shixiang Tang , Junjun He , Chunfeng Song , Lei Bai , Bowen Zhou

Large language models (LLMs) have shown potential in assisting scientific research, yet their ability to discover high-quality research hypotheses remains unexamined due to the lack of a dedicated benchmark. To address this gap, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yujie Liu , Zonglin Yang , Tong Xie , Jinjie Ni , Ben Gao , Yuqiang Li , Shixiang Tang , Wanli Ouyang , Erik Cambria , Dongzhan Zhou

Logical reasoning is fundamental for humans yet presents a substantial challenge in the domain of Artificial Intelligence. Initially, researchers used Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR) systems that did not scale and required…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Man Luo , Shrinidhi Kumbhar , Ming shen , Mihir Parmar , Neeraj Varshney , Pratyay Banerjee , Somak Aditya , Chitta Baral

We present QuantumLLMInstruct (QLMMI), an innovative dataset featuring over 500,000 meticulously curated instruction-following problem-solution pairs designed specifically for quantum computing - the largest and most comprehensive dataset…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-31 Shlomo Kashani

Logical reasoning consistently plays a fundamental and significant role in the domains of knowledge engineering and artificial intelligence. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a noteworthy innovation in natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Fangzhi Xu , Qika Lin , Jiawei Han , Tianzhe Zhao , Jun Liu , Erik Cambria

In recent years, the development of Large Language Models (LLMs) has made significant breakthroughs in the field of natural language processing and has gradually been applied to the field of humanities and social sciences research. LLMs…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Peiran Gu , Fuhao Duan , Wenhao Li , Bochen Xu , Ying Cai , Teng Yao , Chenxun Zhuo , Tianming Liu , Bao Ge

Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have showcased remarkable capabilities in natural language understanding. While demonstrating proficiency in everyday conversations and question-answering situations, these models frequently struggle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Chaoyi Wu , Weixiong Lin , Xiaoman Zhang , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang , Weidi Xie

With the emergence of advanced reasoning models like OpenAI o3 and DeepSeek-R1, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable reasoning capabilities. However, their ability to perform rigorous logical reasoning remains an open…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Hanmeng Liu , Zhizhang Fu , Mengru Ding , Ruoxi Ning , Chaoli Zhang , Xiaozhang Liu , Yue Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promising potential in scientific research, enabling tasks ranging from knowledge retrieval to property prediction. Existing science benchmarks mainly focus on perceptual or knowledge-based tasks,…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive generation capabilities, but they suffer from hallucinations when solely relying on their internal knowledge, especially when answering questions that require less commonly known…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Wenting Zhao , Ye Liu , Tong Niu , Yao Wan , Philip S. Yu , Shafiq Joty , Yingbo Zhou , Semih Yavuz

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced natural language understanding and demonstrated strong problem-solving abilities. Despite these successes, most LLMs still struggle with solving mathematical problems due to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Meng Fang , Xiangpeng Wan , Fei Lu , Fei Xing , Kai Zou

Large Language Models (LLMs) have succeeded remarkably in various natural language processing (NLP) tasks, yet their reasoning capabilities remain a fundamental challenge. While LLMs exhibit impressive fluency and factual recall, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Avinash Patil , Aryan Jadon

Information overload is a major obstacle to scientific progress. The explosive growth in scientific literature and data has made it ever harder to discover useful insights in a large mass of information. Today scientific knowledge is…

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