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Principal component analysis is a long-standing go-to method for exploring multivariate data. The principal components are linear combinations of the original variables, ordered by descending variance. The first few components typically…

Applications · Statistics 2023-01-03 Nicholas Spyrison , Dianne Cook , Kim Marriott

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a classical method for reducing the dimensionality of data by projecting them onto a subspace that captures most of their variation. Effective use of PCA in modern applications requires understanding…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-06-14 David Hong , Laura Balzano , Jeffrey A. Fessler

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a fundamental tool for data visualization, denoising, and dimensionality reduction. It is widely popular in Statistics, Machine Learning, Computer Vision, and related fields. However, PCA is well-known…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-07-21 Debolina Paul , Saptarshi Chakraborty , Swagatam Das

Recovering a low-rank matrix from highly corrupted measurements arises in compressed sensing of structured high-dimensional signals (e.g., videos and hyperspectral images among others). Robust principal component analysis (RPCA), solved via…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-06-28 Vahan Hovhannisyan , Yannis Panagakis , Panos Parpas , Stefanos Zafeiriou

In this paper, we study the problem of sparse Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in the high-dimensional setting with missing observations. Our goal is to estimate the first principal component when we only have access to partial…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-06-04 Karim Lounici

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a ubiquitous tool with many applications in machine learning including feature construction, subspace embedding, and outlier detection. In this paper, we present an algorithm for computing the top…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-10-25 Nikos Karampatziakis , Paul Mineiro

Pairwise likelihood is a useful approximation to the full likelihood function for covariance estimation in high-dimensional context. It simplifies high-dimensional dependencies by combining marginal bivariate likelihood objects, thus making…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-25 Alessandro Casa , Davide Ferrari , Zhendong Huang

In many longitudinal studies, a large number of variables are measured repeatedly over time, with substantial missing data. Existing methods, such as probabilistic principal component analysis (PPCA), are ill-equipped to handle such…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-27 Xinyu Zhang , Ameer Qaqish , D. Y. Lin , Didong Li

In the past decades, exactly recovering the intrinsic data structure from corrupted observations, which is known as robust principal component analysis (RPCA), has attracted tremendous interests and found many applications in computer…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2012-05-08 Risheng Liu , Zhouchen Lin , Siming Wei , Zhixun Su

We propose a novel estimation framework for quadratic functionals of precision matrices in high-dimensional settings, particularly in regimes where the feature dimension $p$ exceeds the sample size $n$. Traditional moment-based estimators…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-08 Shizhe Hong , Weiming Li , Guangming Pan

High-dimensional compositional data are commonplace in the modern omics sciences amongst others. Analysis of compositional data requires a proper choice of orthonormal coordinate representation as their relative nature is not compatible…

The geometric median covariation matrix is a robust multivariate indicator of dispersion which can be extended without any difficulty to functional data. We define estimators, based on recursive algorithms, that can be simply updated at…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-07-12 Hervé Cardot , Antoine Godichon-Baggioni

This paper studies the principal components (PC) estimator for high dimensional approximate factor models with weak factors in that the factor loading ($\boldsymbol{\Lambda}^0$) scales sublinearly in the number $N$ of cross-section units,…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-02-12 Jungjun Choi , Ming Yuan

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a classical and ubiquitous method for reducing data dimensionality, but it is suboptimal for heterogeneous data that are increasingly common in modern applications. PCA treats all samples uniformly so…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-12-02 David Hong , Kyle Gilman , Laura Balzano , Jeffrey A. Fessler

We propose a stable version of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in the general framework of a separable Hilbert space. It consists in interpreting the projection on the first eigenvectors as a step function applied to the spectrum of the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-04-03 Ilaria Giulini

Dimensionality reduction is critical across various domains of science including neuroscience. Probabilistic Principal Component Analysis (PPCA) is a prominent dimensionality reduction method that provides a probabilistic approach unlike…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Han-Lin Hsieh , Maryam M. Shanechi

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a fundamental dimension reduction tool in statistics and machine learning. For large and high-dimensional data, computing the PCA (i.e., the singular vectors corresponding to a number of dominant…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-04-26 Wenjian Yu , Yu Gu , Jian Li , Shenghua Liu , Yaohang Li

We perform a finite sample analysis of the detection levels for sparse principal components of a high-dimensional covariance matrix. Our minimax optimal test is based on a sparse eigenvalue statistic. Alas, computing this test is known to…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-01-30 Quentin Berthet , Philippe Rigollet

Principal component analysis (PCA) is widely used for dimensionality reduction, with well-documented merits in various applications involving high-dimensional data, including computer vision, preference measurement, and bioinformatics. In…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-10-01 Gonzalo Mateos , Georgios B. Giannakis

Over the past decades, more and more methods gain a giant development due to the development of technology. Evolutionary Algorithms are widely used as a heuristic method. However, the budget of computation increases exponentially when the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Yangjie Mei , Hao Wang