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The capability to reason from text is crucial for real-world NLP applications. Real-world scenarios often involve incomplete or evolving data. In response, individuals update their beliefs and understandings accordingly. However, most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Bryan Wilie , Samuel Cahyawijaya , Etsuko Ishii , Junxian He , Pascale Fung

Large language models (LLMs) are excellent at maintaining high-level, convincing dialogue, but it remains unclear whether their persuasive success reflects genuine understanding of the discourse. We examine this question through informal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Adrian de Wynter , Tangming Yuan

Non-Bayesian social learning theory provides a framework that models distributed inference for a group of agents interacting over a social network. In this framework, each agent iteratively forms and communicates beliefs about an unknown…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-08-26 James Z. Hare , Cesar A. Uribe , Lance Kaplan , Ali Jadbabaie

Recently, computer scientists have developed large language models (LLMs) by training prediction models with large-scale language corpora and human reinforcements. The LLMs have become one promising way to implement artificial intelligence…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Hyemin Han

Large Language Models (LLMs) have unveiled remarkable capabilities in understanding and generating both natural language and code, but LLM reasoning is prone to hallucination and struggle with complex, novel scenarios, often getting stuck…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Antonio Jimeno Yepes , Pieter Barnard

As large language models (LLMs) continue to demonstrate remarkable abilities across various domains, computer scientists are developing methods to understand their cognitive processes, particularly concerning how (and if) LLMs internally…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Daniel A. Herrmann , Benjamin A. Levinstein

Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate content that is as persuasive as human-written text and appear capable of selectively producing deceptive outputs. These capabilities raise concerns about potential misuse and unintended…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Cameron R. Jones , Benjamin K. Bergen

What makes large language models (LLMs) impressive is also what makes them hard to evaluate: their diversity of uses. To evaluate these models, we must understand the purposes they will be used for. We consider a setting where these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Keyon Vafa , Ashesh Rambachan , Sendhil Mullainathan

The ability to combine linguistic guidance from others with direct experience is central to human development, enabling safe and rapid learning in new environments. How do people integrate these two sources of knowledge, and how might AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Cédric Colas , Tracey Mills , Ben Prystawski , Michael Henry Tessler , Noah Goodman , Jacob Andreas , Joshua Tenenbaum

The performance of Large language models (LLMs) across a broad range of domains has been impressive but have been critiqued as not being able to reason about their process and conclusions derived. This is to explain the conclusions draw,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Rob Sullivan , Nelly Elsayed

Language modeling studies the probability distributions over strings of texts. It is one of the most fundamental tasks in natural language processing (NLP). It has been widely used in text generation, speech recognition, machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Chengwei Wei , Yun-Cheng Wang , Bin Wang , C. -C. Jay Kuo

Previous work has showcased the intriguing capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in instruction-following and rhetorical fluency. However, systematic exploration of their dual capabilities to autonomously persuade and resist…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Tianjie Ju , Yujia Chen , Hao Fei , Mong-Li Lee , Wynne Hsu , Pengzhou Cheng , Zongru Wu , Zhuosheng Zhang , Gongshen Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have shown incredible performance in completing various real-world tasks. The current paradigm of knowledge learning for LLMs is mainly based on learning from examples, in which LLMs learn the internal rule…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Wenkai Yang , Yankai Lin , Jie Zhou , Ji-Rong Wen

We propose a general-purpose approach for improving the ability of large language models (LLMs) to intelligently and adaptively gather information from a user or other external source using the framework of sequential Bayesian experimental…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Deepro Choudhury , Sinead Williamson , Adam Goliński , Ning Miao , Freddie Bickford Smith , Michael Kirchhof , Yizhe Zhang , Tom Rainforth

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, recent studies suggest that they still face challenges in performing fundamental NLP tasks essential for deep…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Ziyan Zhang , Yang Hou , Chen Gong , Zhenghua Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) are important tools for reasoning and problem-solving, while they often operate passively, answering questions without actively discovering new ones. This limitation reduces their ability to simulate human-like…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Hong Su

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in situations where human values are at stake, such as decision-making tasks that involve reasoning when performed by humans. We investigate the so-called reasoning capabilities of LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Nathaniël de Leeuw , Marceau Nahon , Mathis Reymond , Raja Chatila , Mehdi Khamassi

Large language models (LLMs) are trained on vast amounts of text from the internet, which contains both factual and misleading information about the world. While unintuitive from a classic view of LMs, recent work has shown that the truth…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Nitish Joshi , Javier Rando , Abulhair Saparov , Najoung Kim , He He

Simulations, although powerful in accurately replicating real-world systems, often remain inaccessible to non-technical users due to their complexity. Conversely, large language models (LLMs) provide intuitive, language-based interactions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Jacob Kleiman , Kevin Frank , Joseph Voyles , Sindy Campagna

Creating human-like large language model (LLM) agents is crucial for faithful social simulation. Having LLMs role-play based on demographic information sometimes improves human likeness but often does not. This study assessed whether LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Yun-Shiuan Chuang , Krirk Nirunwiroj , Zach Studdiford , Agam Goyal , Vincent V. Frigo , Sijia Yang , Dhavan Shah , Junjie Hu , Timothy T. Rogers